Hispanic Americans

Mexican Workers 1850-1910 Political Turmoil 700,000 came to US from Mexico. 7% of their population National Reclamation Act Encouraged irrigation of arid land New Farmland

Mexican Workers 1850-1910 Railroads Transcontinental Railroad made it possible to push railroads south. Effects of the RR: Time Zones Railroad Towns Shipping of goods – mail order catalogs Big $$$ Needed to workers to make the roads Mexicans were willing to do the work Ended up in debt peonage Pay back debts through physical labor Open border made this easy

Bracero Movement US allowed Mexicans to enter and work fields Hired Hands-temporary work permits established Shortage of Agriculture workers during WWII Workers expected to leave when work was done but many stayed illegally Civil Rights Movement was ongoing

Picture of a Bracero Man

Effects Today Increased Border Patrol Minutemen Project SB 1070 Note: Originally created in 1904 to keep out Asian workers Minutemen Project SB 1070 Anti-immigrant laws DREAM Act vs Deportation Note: Operation Wetback deported 3.8 million from 1953- 58

Zoot Suit Riots 1940’s Mexican Americans underpaid and poor living conditions Youth created their own culture (own music, language, and Dress (Zoot Suit)) Members of this group were accused of murdering a man. A riot quickly broke out between servicemen and black & Mexican Youth.

Zoot Suit Con’t Investigation Results Racial Tensions Patriotism Military said Service men acted in Self Defense Newspapers propaganda Just for Jeopardy (Famous Zoot Suit wearing people) Cesar Chavez Malcolm X

Zoot Suit Sources "Marching through the streets of downtown Los Angeles, a mob of several thousand soldiers, sailors, and civilians, proceeded to beat up every zoot suiter they could find. Pushing its way into the important motion picture theaters, the mob ordered the management to turn on the house lights and then ran up and down the aisles dragging Mexicans out of their seats. Streetcars were halted while Mexicans, and some Filipinos and Negroes, were jerked from their seats, pushed into the streets and beaten with a sadistic frenzy.” A witness to the attacks, journalist Carey McWilliams wrote,

Zoot Suit Sources

Cesar Chavez Dolores Huerta UFW

Cesar Chavez, Dolores Huerta, and UFW Farmers made very little and were overworked Cesar Chavez Believed farm workers had to unionize Strength would come from bargaining as a group. Dolores Huerta School Teacher Worked side by side with Cesar. Chavez and Huerta created National Farm Workers Association

United Farm Workers Filipinos went on strike Cesar merged his efforts with the Filipinos Changed the National Farm Workers Association into United Farm Workers (UFW)

UFW Conflict Chavez called for grape growers to except union Ignored Group Group convinced supermarkets across the US not to buy California grapes Grape company folded and accepted UFW Higher wages and benefits were given.

Cesar Chavez Quotes From the depth of need and despair, people can work together, can organize themselves to solve their own problems and fill their own needs with dignity and strength. Students must have initiative; they should not be mere imitators. They must learn to think and act for themselves - and be free. The fight is never about grapes or lettuce. It is always about people.

AB2386 = Right to Breast Feed at Work

Question Based on the previous picture, do you believe Cesar Chavez would have fought for this right? Why?

Cesar Chavez http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=REHiLryR1oE&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1sJznyNy4VI&feature=fvwrel

Dolores Huerta

Dolores Huerta

Cuban Immigration Quotes I am not a communist and neither is the revolutionary movement. Fidel Castro “Cuba ought to be free and independent, and the government should be turned over to the Cuban people.” William McKinley

Cuban Immigration Quotes I find capitalism repugnant. It is filthy, it is gross, it is alienating... because it causes war, hypocrisy and competition. Fidel Castro

Cuban Immigrants Fidel Castro rise to power. Castro’s Politics Imprisoned those who did not agree with him. Took control of Property (sugar industry) Alliance with Soviet Union Dictator (done so he could stay in power) Immigration 10% went into exile because of fear of imprisonment or death Many of the wealthy fled to protect their assets over fear Castro would take them (Socialism)

Fidel Castro

Cuban Immigrants (con.) Cubans only group that can gain citizenship within 1 year of living in US (1966) In response to Cuba, Reagan cancelled all forms of legal immigration except those seeking exile. This increased scenes as follows:

Latino Immigrants Immigration and Reform Act of 1986 required employers to attest to their employees' immigration status. made it illegal to knowingly hire or recruit unauthorized immigrants. granted amnesty to certain seasonal agricultural illegal immigrants. granted amnesty to illegal immigrants who entered the United States before January 1, 1982 and had resided there continuously. About three million illegal immigrants were granted amnesty.

School and Reforms Hernandez v. Texas (1954)-no discrimination based on class or ethnic group Latino LA walkout of 1968 Largest Minority group in country (2003) ELL programs Lau v. Nichols-no discrimination if can’t speak English http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/photo-gallery/class/ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SzGvU_NAek4&feat ure=related