Human Reproduction

Sexual Reproduction testis ovary sperms eggs (ova) zygote embryo fetus meiosis meiosis sperms eggs (ova) fertilization zygote embryo fetus baby

Male Reproductive System What is a vasectomy? vas deferens (sperm duct) epididymis testis

Testes For production of male gametes (sperms) For production of male sex hormones

Epididymis For temporarily storage of sperms During copulation, muscles of epididymis contract to release sperms

Testis and epididymis epididymis vas deferens (sperm duct) sperm tubules

Male Reproductive System seminal vesicle secrete seminal fluid prostate gland Cowper’s gland

Functions of Seminal Fluid To provide a medium for the sperms to swim To activate and nourish the sperms To neutralize the acidity in the female reproductive tract Seminal Fluid Semen Sperm +

Male Reproductive System urethra penis

Female Reproductive System oviduct ovary uterus cervix vagina

Functions of Ovary For production of female gametes (ova/eggs) and production of female sex hormones

Oviduct Carries the ovum forward by Cick here the beating action of the cilia on its inner surface the contraction of muscles of oviduct Cick here

Menstrual Cycle Once in about 28 days The uterine lining becomes thickened 14 days after ovulation to prepare for the fertilized ovum to implant in it

Menstrual Cycle Day 28 Day 6 - 14 Day 14 - 28 Video on change in uterine lining Day 28 No implantation of fertilization ovum Uterine lining breaks down; menstruation starts Day 6 - 14 Lining becomes thicker with increased blood supply Day 14 : ovulation Day 1 - 5 Menstruation starts Uterine lining decreases in thickness to a minimum Day 14 - 28 Lining remains thick to ready for implantation of fertilized ovum

Hormones Hormone Male Female GnRH FSH/LH release from Ant. Pit FSH Spermatogenesis Follicle growth LH Testosterone Secretion Follicle release estrogen Estrogen 2nd sex characteristics Long Bone growth General anabolic effects Female sex drive Skin Hydration- Increase HDL

Hormones Progesterone: prepares uterus for pregnancy Testosterone: suppress LH and GnRH male 2nd characteristics Stimulate growth spurt increase bone and muscle growth libido and aggressiveness

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin promotes the maintenance of the corpus luteum during the beginning of pregnancy Progesterone secretion- maintains uterus Maybe morning sickness Can also be used clinically to induce ovualtion Can be found in blood and urine Pregnancy test Diet Use