Organelles and Cell Parts

Plant Cells: •Cell wall •Cell membrane •Nucleus •Nucleolus •Nuclear membrane •Mitochondria •Vacuole •Chloroplast •Golgi body •SER •RER •Ribosomes •Cytoplasm •Microtubules •vesicles Animal Cells: •Cell membrane •Nucleus •Nucleolus •Nuclear membrane •Mitochondria •Golgi body •SER •RER •Flagella •Ribosomes •Controls •Lysosome •Vesicles •Cytoplasm •Microtubules

1. Cell Wall A) function: physical protection B) Structure: wall surrounding cell Has holes like windows in wall Rigid structure made of cellulose C) Macromol. = cellulose

Cell Wall with pores

2. Cell Membrane Phospholipids Proteins A) function: controls what enters and leaves cell B) Structure: flexible lining just inside cell wall C) Macromol. Phospholipids Proteins

3. Nucleus A) function: stores DNA & directs cell B) Structure: round shape 1) nuclear envelope = double membrane surrounding nucleus 2) nuclear pores = openings in nuclear envelope 3) Chromosomes = segments of DNA 4) Nucleolus = area where ribosomal RNA is made C) Macromol. = phospholipids, proteins, nucleic acid

4. Cytoplasm A) function: all functions between nucleus and cell membrane B) Structure: 1) all organelles btwn cell membrane and nucleus 2) hyaloplasm = fluid that fills cell C) Macromol. = all

5. Ribosomes A) function: make proteins B) Structure: 2 subunits 1 protien subunit 1 RNA subunit C) Macromol. = protein, nucleic acid Only organelle w/o membrane

5. Ribosomes A) function: make proteins B) Structure: 2 subunits 1 protien subunit 1 RNA subunit C) Macromol. = protein, nucleic acid Only organelle w/o membrane

6. Vacuole/Vessicles A) functions stores water and minerals Structural support in plant cells B) Structure = single membrane filled with water and molecules (food vacuoles have food inside) C) Macromolecules Phospholipids proteins

7. Lysosome A) Function – digest macromol/ food Hydrolysis rxns B) Structure – single membrane full of digestive enzymes C) Macromol Phospholipids proteins

8. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum A) Function – fold, package, deliver proteins B) Structure – tubes of membrane containing enzymes C) Macromol Phospholipids Proteins

9. Smooth E.R. A) Function – transport mol./ detoxify B) Structure – membrane tubes with LOTS of enzymes C) Macromol Phospholipids Proteins

10. Golgi Body A) Function – add carbs/lipids to proteins Construct complex carbs B) Structure – flat packets of membrane Lots of enzymes C) Macromol Phospholipids proteins

11. Mitochondrion A) Function – Cellular Respiration Uses O2 to burn glucose Gives energy to the cell Glucose + O2  CO2 + H2O B) Structure – oval/bean shaped outer membrane Inner membrane with folds (cristae) C) Macromol Phospholipids & proteins

12. Chloroplast A) Function – Photosynthesis Converts solar E into chemical E CO2 + H2O  Glucose + O2 B) Structure – oval/bean shaped outer membrane Stacks of hollow discs formed of membrane = grana C) Macromol Phospholipids & proteins

Centriole only in animal cells Structure: self replicating organelles made up of triplets of microtubules. Function: form spindle fibers to separate chromosomes during cell division

Organelles for Movement • Cilia – Structure • Small hair-like projections from the cell membrane. – Function • Movement – Examples • Paramecium, mucus membranes, fallopian tubes • Flagella (Flagellum) – Structure • Long tail-like projection from the cell membrane. – Function • Movement – Examples • Sperm Cells, Bacteria