Cells, Cells, Cells Cells are the basic building block of life. All living things are made of cells Did you know that all cells come from preexisting cells through cell division?

Cell Theory All living things are made up of one or more cells. Cells are the smallest working units of all living things. All cells come from other living cells through cell division.

Examples of Cells Amoeba Proteus Plant Stem Bacteria Red Blood Cell Nerve Cell

Prokaryotic Do not have structures surrounded by membranes Few internal structures One-celled organisms, Bacteria http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/prokaryotic_cells.html

Eukaryotic Contain organelles surrounded by membranes Most living organisms Multi-cellular Plant Animal http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html

Two Types of Cells Prokaryotic Eukaryotic

Let’s take a little pre-test: Are you ready?

Animal Cell #1

Let’s try it again: Think you can handle it?

Plant Cell #1

Endoplasmic Reticulum “Typical” Animal Cell Cell Membrane Cytoplasm Endoplasmic Reticulum Vacuole Nucleus Mitochondria Ribosomes Lysosome

Endoplasmic Reticulum “Typical” Plant Cell Chloroplast Mitochondria Cell Membrane Cytoplasm Lysosome Nucleus Vacuole Golgi Apparatus Cell Wall Ribosomes Endoplasmic Reticulum

“Typical” Plant Cell http://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/plant3.gif

Let’s look at the structure of the cell - How do you think the structure of the cell relates to a school?

Surrounding the Cell

Cell Membrane Provides support and protection Functions as cell Both plant and animal cells Think of a school’s doors and intercom system and

Cell Wall Surrounds cell and gives additional support and protection. Plant cells only Think of this as the brick and concrete outer walls surrounding the school.

Inside the Cell

Nucleus Contains DNA, which makes you who you are Directs the activity of the cell – for example, when it grows and d i v i d e s Both plant and animal cells Think of the principal’s office as the nucleus and the student files in the office as DNA

Nuclear Membrane Double layer material surrounding the nucleus and separating it from the cytoplasm. Pores on the outside allow material to pass in and out. Both plants and animal cells Think of the secretary outside the principal’s office that controls who enters the office.

Brain Break: What is the cell membrane’s function? A) Allows materials to enter/exit cell B) Contains the DNA C) Cleans up cell waste

Cytoplasm Jelly-like material that fills the cell Contains water and food for cell Holds organelles in place Both plant and animal cells Think of the air that fills up the entire school

Endoplasmic Reticulum (E.R.) The “highway” of the cell that moves materials around to other parts Some parts of the E.R. contain ribosomes, which create proteins Both plant and animal cells Think of the school hallways where students and teachers transport ideas to other parts of the school If you drive too fast, you’ll end up in the E.R.!

Golgi Apparatus Packages, stores, and secretes energy for the cell Both plant and animal cells Think of the lunch faculty who bring cafeteria food into the school, then pack and store it in the kitchen for later use

Mitochondria Break down food (sugars) and release energy to cell – the “Powerhouse” of the cell – cellular respiration Both plant and animal cells Think of lunch time at school – food is taken out of packages, cooked, and then provided to students and teachers to power them for the rest of the day

Brain Break: Which organelle is the highway of the cell? A) Mitochondria B) Nucleus C) Endoplasmic Reticulum (E.R.)

Lysosomes Clean up the cell waste products (Lysosomes clean just like Lysol!) Both plant and animal cells Think of the custodian who clean up any waste in the school at the end of the day

Ribosomes Builds the proteins needed inside and outside the cell Free inside cytoplasm and attached to E.R. Both plant and animal cells Think of the construction men who build the school and make any necessary repairs to keep it going.

Chloroplast Makes sugars and starches during photosynthesis for energy Food producers in plant cell Green chlorophyll inside chloroplasts assist with the process

Brain Break: Which organelle is the “powerhouse”? A) Lysosomes B) Mitochondria C) Golgi Apparatus