Astronomical Instrumentation Laboratory ASTR 3560 – Spring 2019 – MWF 9:20 – 10:50 am – Duane D318 Learn fundamentals of astronomical instrument design in a hands-on lab setting Work in teams to design, build, and test an optical spectrometer. Learn elements of mechanical design, optics, electronics, data acquisition, and instrument control relevant to astronomical instrumentation. Develop skills to predict and analyze instrument performance. Learn to assess your project status and plan accordingly. Build confidence doing a major project from beginning to end to develop confidence that will carry over into the workplace or graduate school. Satisfies non-sequence Astrophysics Track Part B: Upper Division Coursework requirements and General Astronomy Track Part C: Advanced Course Work credit requirements. Prerequisites: ASTR 1040, Calc II (MATH 2300 or APPM 1360), PHYS 2170

Parallels: Proto-Planetary Disks and rings 27 November 2018

Origin of the Solar System It’s a fundamental problem in astronomy We must explain the characteristics of our own system, and of planets around other stars Elements were made inside stars Stars formed from giant molecular clouds Planets form in a disk around the protostar Giant planets form from accretion onto cores Terrestrial planets are only the cores

Characteristics of our Solar System Regular planet orbits Planets are closely spaced Terrestrial and Jovian planets Asteroids and comets leftover Satellites and rings imitate a miniature Solar System

Is our Solar System a “typical” planetary system? © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

Figure 13.14 © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

Stages in planet formation Dust collects in the mid-plane of the protoplanetary disk Grows by mutual collisions: ‘accretion’ Planetesimals (about 1km across) grow and collide Giant collisions are the final stage Giant planet cores are bigger outside the frost-line: they attract gas to become gas giants like Jupiter Star ignites: the gas and dust blown away

Leftovers Near the Sun (inside frost-line, also known as snow line or ice line) rocky objects become asteroids Far from the Sun (outside frost-line) icy objects form the comets and Kuiper Belt Objects

Density waves and propellers in a forming disk

Planet migration in a gas disk © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

Propeller, but moon causing it still unseen

Computer Simulation of propeller moon in Saturn’s rings

Pan closeup

Planet migrates inward or outward, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zt4y9JmOcB0 Planet migrates inward or outward, depending on assumed physics of disk.