Unit 3 Nuclear Chemistry

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Nuclear Chemistry Chapter 25.

Advertisements

Nuclear Chemistry Chapter 25.

Nuclear Chemistry and Radioactivity

HIGHER GRADE CHEMISTRY CALCULATIONS Radioactivity and Half-Life Half-life is the time taken for half of a radioisotope to decay. This value is constant.

Section 1: What is Radioactivity?

1. Name the particles in the atom and give the charges associated with each.

Absolute Dating Radioactive Dating. Radioactivity Almost all of the elements contain radioactive isotopes Isotopes are atoms of the same element with.

ABSOLUT DATING Explanations collected from three online presentations.

Absolute Dating.

Chemistry came to be because people wanted to create gold from other elements. There is no “Chemical Reaction That will do this” Chemical reactions involve.

Chapter 11 Nuclear Chemistry. 11 | 2 Nuclear Chemistry cont’d What is nuclear chemistry? The study of reactions that result from changes in the nucleus.

Mini Quiz- Half Sheet H = 1.01 g/mol, O = g/mol S = g/mol, N = g/mol, I = g/mol 1.How many grams in 3.4 x molecules of H.

Balancing Nuclear Equations

I. Transmutation Transmutation - The conversion of one element to another element. All nuclear reactions are transmutation reactions except for gamma.

Section 1: What is Radioactivity?

Nuclear Chemistry.

__ 0 BeforeAfter Do Now 1)What is the name of the isotope on the left? 2)What type of radioactive decay will occur? Alpha (not enough ) or.

Nuclear Chemistry.

Preview Key Ideas Bellringer Nuclear Radiation Nuclear Decay Math Skills Radioactive Decay Rates SECTION 1: WHAT IS RADIOACTIVITY?

Nuclear Chemistry.

Unit 3 Nuclear Chemistry Board Race Review Radioactive Decay Decay SeriesHalf-LifeGrab Bag O’ Fun Reactors

Chapter 9 Nuclear Radiation

10.2 Rates of Nuclear Decay These stone tools from the archaeological site in Cactus Hill, Virginia, are at least 15,000 years old. Scientists estimated.

Basic Nuclear Chemistry. Line vs. Continuous Spectra.

Nuclear Chemistry Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

CHAPTER 21 NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY. NUCLEUS NUCLEONS ARE MADE UP OF PROTONS AND NEUTRONS NUCLIDE IS AN ATOM IDENTIFIED BY THE NUMBER OF PROTONS AND NEUTRONS.

Radioisotopes The nuclei of some atoms are unstable and undergo spontaneous changes called radioactive decay. One such change is called beta decay. During.

Nuclear Chemistry Isotopes-Review ► Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the same # of protons but different # of neutrons or mass. X Atomic.

Absolute Dating It’s a decaying relationship.. Radioactivity Henri Becquerel discovered radioactivity in Until then there was no way of finding.

Radioactive Decay Alpha, Beta, and Gamma Decay. Radioactivity Emission of particles and energy from the nucleus of certain atoms This happens through.

Nuclear Chemistry Objective: To explain the process of radioactive decay using nuclear equations and half life Essential Question: How do unstable (radioactive)

Chapter 15 Nuclear Radiation

Chapter 5 Notes.  The atomic mass of an element is a weighted average mass of the atoms found in nature.  If you were to mass an oxygen atom, would.

ABSOLUTE AGE: Measurements of natural radioactivity in rocks have allowed scientists to understand the numerical age of an object in years.

Chapter 10 Review activity!. What type of nuclear decay produces energy instead of particles? A. Alpha B. Beta C. Gamma D. Body.

CHEMISTRY 1000 Topic #1: Atomic Structure and Nuclear Chemistry Fall 2013 Dr. Tracey Roemmele.

Nuclear Chemistry. Reactions Chemical Involve electrons Affected external factors (temp, pressure, catalyst) Nuclear Involve the nucleus Release WAY more.

Half-life.  Half-Life - the time required for one half of a sample of a radioisotope to decay, while the other half remains unchanged  Half-lives vary.

Radioactive Decay.

Nuclear Chemistry. Chemical ReactionsNuclear Reactions - Occur when bonds are broken or formed -Occur when the nucleus emits particles or rays -Atoms.

Intro to Nuclear Chemistry

Nuclear Equations Nucleons: particles in the nucleus: –p + : proton –n 0 : neutron. Mass number: the number of p + + n 0. Atomic number: the number of.

 What are the limitations of relative age dating?  What do you think Absolute age dating is?

Nuclear Chemistry Mrs. Stoops Chemistry. Nuclear reactions – Unstable isotopes gain stability by undergoing changes always accompanied by a large energy.

Nuclear Chemistry I. Radioactivity A.Definitions B.Types of Nuclear Radiation C.Half-Life.

Radioactive Decay. Types of Radioactive Decay Alpha Decay: nucleus eject an alpha particle (made of 2 protons and 2 neutrons – a helium nucleus)

 Nuclear Chemistry. Nuclear Vs. Chemical Reactions  Nuclear reactions involve a change in an atom’s nucleus, usually producing a different element.

Nuclear Chemistry Chapter 19. Define radioactivity. Complete half-life calculations. Complete and interpret nuclear reactions. Identify types of radioactive.

10.2 Rates of Nuclear Decay Geochronology Methods for Determining the Absolute Age of Rocks.

Radioactivity Elements that emit particles and energy from their nucleus are radioactive. Some large atoms are unstable and cannot keep their nucleus together.

Science 9 Decay Problems #2 35 point total 1. State the number of protons & neutrons in the following: ProtonsNeutrons Fe C.

NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY Objectives Objective 1 Define radioactivity and distinguish between natural and artificial.

Absolute Dating.

Nuclear Stability and Decay 1500 different nuclei are known. Only 264 are stable and do not decay. The stability of a nucleus depends on its neutron-to-

 Reactions that affect the nucleus  Can change the identity of the element (if number of protons change)

NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY Chapter 20. Nuclear Chemistry Radioactivity is the emission of subatomic particles or high- energy electromagnetic radiation by the.

Pearson Prentice Hall Physical Science: Concepts in Action

Nuclear Chemistry.

Nuclear Chemistry Chemistry involving changes in the nucleus References: Text Chapter 19 Review Book Topic 12.

Section 1: What is Radioactivity?

Nuclear Chemistry Physical Science.

Notes 11.3: Radioactive Decay & Half-lives

Nuclear Chemistry.

Nuclear Chemistry.

Rates of Nuclear Decay These stone tools from the archaeological site in Cactus Hill, Virginia, are at least 15,000 years old. Scientists estimated the.

Nuclear Chemistry Chapter 21.

Nuclear Chemistry By Sean Burnette, Ryoto Furuya, Minho Oh, Kendall Mandrell, Vincent Carlo Caracappa, Joe He, Mark, Courtney Hebard, and Alejandra Romanos.

These stone tools from the archaeological site in Cactus Hill, Virginia, are at least 15,000 years old. Scientists estimated the age of the site based.

Section 1: What is Radioactivity?

Nuclear Transformations

Presentation transcript:

Unit 3 Nuclear Chemistry

HIGHER CHEMISTRY REVISION. Unit 3 :- Nuclear Chemistry Polonium-210 is a radioisotope that decays by alpha-emission. The half life of polonium-210 is 140 days. Write a balanced nuclear equation for the alpha-decay of polonium-210. Calculate the number of atoms in 105 g of polonium-210. 210 208 4 (a) Po  Pb + He 84 82 2 In 1 mole, 210g there are 6.02 x 1023 Po atoms. So in 105 g there are 105 /210 x 6.02 x 1023 = 3.01x 1023 Po atoms.

archaeological sites. Carbon-14 has a half life of 5740 years. 2. Carbon-14 dating can be used to estimate the age of charcoal found in archaeological sites. Carbon-14 has a half life of 5740 years. (a) Carbon-14 decays by beta emission. Write a balanced equation for this decay. (b) Why can carbon-14 not be used to estimate the age of fossil fuels? 2. (a) 14 14 0 C  N + e 6 7 -1 (b) Fossil fuels are millions of years old. Carbon-14’s half life is too short for any to remain after millions of years. 3. Graph in box F 3. The grid shows the possible effect of temperature change on reaction rate. Identify the graph which shows how the rate of reaction varies with temperature in the radioactive decay of phosphorus-32. A B C D E F

waste product in nuclear reactors. 4. Technetium-99, which has a long half-life, is produced as a radioactive waste product in nuclear reactors. One way of reducing the danger of this isotope is to change it into technetium-100 by bombardment with particles, as shown by the nuclear equation. Tc + X  Tc (a) Identify particle X. (b) Technetium-100 decays by beta-emission. Write a balanced nuclear equation for this reaction. (c) Technetium-100 has a half-life of 16 s. If a sample of technetium-100 is left for 48 s, what fraction of the sample would remain? 99 43 100 43 X is a neutron = Tc  Ru + e (c) 1/8. 100 43 44 -1 1 n

lawrencium-257 has been made by bombarding californium-252 with 5. (a) Nuclear reactions can be carried out by scientists. For example, lawrencium-257 has been made by bombarding californium-252 with atoms of an isotope of a lighter element. Each successful collision was accompanied by the release of six neutrons. Write a nuclear equation for this reaction. (b) An example of a nuclear equation which happens in nature is: C + He O Where do reactions of this type take place all the time? 12 6 4 2 16 8 Cf + B  Lr + 6 n (b) In the upper atmosphere. 257 103 252 98 1 11 5

Phosphorus-32 is a radioisotope that decays by beta-emission. (a) Write the nuclear equation for the decay of phosphorus-32. (b) (i) An 8g sample of phosphorus-32 was freshly prepared. Calculate the number of phosphorus atoms in the 8g sample. (ii) The half-life of phosphorus-32 is 14.3 days. Calculate the time it would take for the mass of phosphorus-32 in the 8g sample to fall to 1g. (a) (b) (i) 32g contains 6.02 x 10 23 atoms 8 g contains 1.505 x 10 23 atoms (ii) 8g  4g  2g  1g is 3 half lives 3 x 14.3 days = 42.9 days