Find: Daily Pumping Cost [$] Δh $50 $100 $250 $500 fresh L s Q=500 Find the daily pumping cost, in dollars. [pause] In this problem, --- water η = 70% Δh = 30 [m] energy =$0.10 [kWh-1] cost

Find: Daily Pumping Cost [$] Δh $50 $100 $250 $500 fresh L s Q=500 fresh water is pumped at 500 liters per second, from a lower reservoir to a higher reservoir. water η = 70% Δh = 30 [m] energy =$0.10 [kWh-1] cost

Find: Daily Pumping Cost [$] Δh $50 $100 $250 $500 fresh L s Q=500 The change in head, efficiency, and energy cost are provided in the problem statement. [pause] The daily pumping cost equals ---- water η = 70% Δh = 30 [m] energy =$0.10 [kWh-1] cost

= Find: Daily Pumping Cost [$] * η = 70% fresh water Δh energy daily used * cost cost per day fresh L s Q=500 the energy used per day, multiplied by the cost of energy. The problem provides --- water η = 70% Δh = 30 [m] energy =$0.10 [kWh-1] cost

= Find: Daily Pumping Cost [$] * η = 70% fresh water Δh energy daily used * cost cost per day fresh L s Q=500 the cost of energy, as 10 cents per kilowatt-hour, so, we’re left to determine --- water η = 70% Δh = 30 [m] energy =$0.10 [kWh-1] cost

? = Find: Daily Pumping Cost [$] * η = 70% fresh water Δh energy daily used * cost cost per day fresh L s Q=500 the energy used by the pump, for a duration of 1 day. [pause] water η = 70% Δh = 30 [m] energy =$0.10 [kWh-1] cost

? Find: Daily Pumping Cost [$] η = 70% E=P * t fresh water energy Δh used per day E=P * t fresh L s Q=500 Energy can be calculated as power times time, where we know --- water η = 70% Δh = 30 [m] energy =$0.10 [kWh-1] cost

? Find: Daily Pumping Cost [$] η = 70% E=P * t fresh water energy Δh used per day E=P * t 24 [hr] fresh L s Q=500 the time duration to be 1 day, or, 24 hours, --- water η = 70% Δh = 30 [m] energy =$0.10 [kWh-1] cost

? Find: Daily Pumping Cost [$] η = 70% E=P * t fresh water energy ? Δh used per day E=P * t 24 [hr] fresh L s Q=500 and the power, in kilowatts, equals 9.81 times ---- water 9.81 * Δh * Q * SG P= η = 70% 1,000 * η Δh = 30 [m] energy [kW] =$0.10 [kWh-1] cost

? Find: Daily Pumping Cost [$] η = 70% E=P * t fresh water energy ? Δh used per day E=P * t 24 [hr] lift [m] fresh L s Q=500 the change in head, in meters, also referred to as the lift, times --- water 9.81 * Δh * Q * SG P= η = 70% 1,000 * η Δh = 30 [m] energy [kW] =$0.10 [kWh-1] cost

? Find: Daily Pumping Cost [$] η = 70% E=P * t fresh water energy ? Δh used per day E=P * t 24 [hr] flowrate [l/s] lift [m] fresh L s Q=500 the flowrate, in liters per second, times the --- water 9.81 * Δh * Q * SG P= η = 70% 1,000 * η Δh = 30 [m] energy [kW] =$0.10 [kWh-1] cost

? Find: Daily Pumping Cost [$] η = 70% E=P * t fresh water energy ? Δh used per day E=P * t 24 [hr] flowrate [l/s] lift [m] fresh L s Q=500 specific gravity of the fluid being pumped, all divided by --- water 9.81 * Δh * Q * SG P= η = 70% 1,000 * η Δh = 30 [m] energy [kW] specific =$0.10 [kWh-1] cost gravity

? Find: Daily Pumping Cost [$] η = 70% E=P * t fresh water energy ? Δh used per day E=P * t 24 [hr] flowrate [l/s] lift [m] fresh L s Q=500 1,000 times the efficiency, as a decimal. For this problem, we’re neglecting friction losses, since non are mentioned in the problem. Also, other pump power formulas --- water 9.81 * Δh * Q * SG P= η = 70% 1,000 * η Δh = 30 [m] energy [kW] specific =$0.10 [kWh-1] cost gravity efficiency

? Find: Daily Pumping Cost [$] η = 70% E=P * t fresh water energy ? Δh used per day E=P * t 24 [hr] flowrate [l/s] lift [m] fresh L s Q=500 can be derived for different units than kilowatts, meters or liters per second, as are used in this equation. [pause] The values for ---- water 9.81 * Δh * Q * SG P= η = 70% 1,000 * η Δh = 30 [m] energy [kW] specific =$0.10 [kWh-1] cost gravity efficiency

? Find: Daily Pumping Cost [$] η = 70% E=P * t fresh water energy ? Δh used per day E=P * t 24 [hr] fresh L Q=500 lift, flowrate and efficiency are plugged into the equation, and the specific gravity of fresh water --- water 9.81 * Δh * Q * SG s P= η = 70% 1,000 * η Δh = 30 [m] energy 0.70 =$0.10 [kWh-1] cost

? Find: Daily Pumping Cost [$] η = 70% E=P * t fresh water energy ? Δh used per day E=P * t 24 [hr] 1.00 fresh L Q=500 is 1, and is also plugged in. The power used by the pump --- water 9.81 * Δh * Q * SG s P= η = 70% 1,000 * η Δh = 30 [m] energy 0.70 =$0.10 [kWh-1] cost

? Find: Daily Pumping Cost [$] η = 70% E=P * t fresh water energy ? Δh used per day E=P * t 24 [hr] 1.00 fresh L Q=500 equals 210.2 kilowatts. [pause] Multiplying the power, --- water 9.81 * Δh * Q * SG s P= η = 70% 1,000 * η Δh = 30 [m] P=210.2 [kW] energy =$0.10 [kWh-1] cost

? Find: Daily Pumping Cost [$] η = 70% E=P * t fresh water energy ? Δh used per day E=P * t 24 [hr] 1.00 fresh L Q=500 by 24 hours in a day, the energy used per day equals --- water 9.81 * Δh * Q * SG s P= η = 70% 1,000 * η Δh = 30 [m] P=210.2 [kW] energy =$0.10 [kWh-1] cost

? Find: Daily Pumping Cost [$] η = 70% E=P * t fresh water energy ? Δh used per day E=P * t 24 [hr] 1.00 fresh L Q=500 5,045 kilowatt-hours. [pause] water 9.81 * Δh * Q * SG s P= η = 70% 1,000 * η Δh = 30 [m] P=210.2 [kW] energy =$0.10 [kWh-1] cost E=5,045 [kWh]

= Find: Daily Pumping Cost [$] * η = 70% fresh water Δh energy daily used * cost cost per day fresh L Q=500 The daily pumping costs can be found by multiplying --- water s η = 70% Δh = 30 [m] energy =$0.10 [kWh-1] cost E=5,045 [kWh]

= Find: Daily Pumping Cost [$] * η = 70% fresh water Δh energy daily used * cost cost per day fresh L Q=500 the daily energy used, by the pump, in kilowatt-hours, by the - water s η = 70% Δh = 30 [m] energy =$0.10 [kWh-1] cost E=5,045 [kWh]

= Find: Daily Pumping Cost [$] * η = 70% fresh water Δh energy daily used * cost cost per day fresh L Q=500 cost of energy, in dollars per kilowatt-hour, and the daily pumping cost equals, --- water s η = 70% Δh = 30 [m] energy =$0.10 [kWh-1] cost E=5,045 [kWh]

= Find: Daily Pumping Cost [$] * η = 70% $505 fresh water Δh energy used * cost cost per day fresh L Q=500 $505 dollars. [pause] water $505 s η = 70% Δh = 30 [m] energy =$0.10 [kWh-1] cost E=5,045 [kWh]

= Find: Daily Pumping Cost [$] * η = 70% $505 $50 $100 $250 $500 fresh energy daily energy = pumping used * cost cost per day fresh L Q=500 Looking back at the possible solutions, --- water $505 s η = 70% Δh = 30 [m] energy =$0.10 [kWh-1] cost E=5,045 [kWh]

= Find: Daily Pumping Cost [$] * η = 70% $505 AnswerD $50 $100 $250 $500 Δh energy daily energy = pumping used * cost cost per day fresh L Q=500 the answer is D. water $505 s η = 70% Δh = 30 [m] AnswerD energy =$0.10 [kWh-1] cost E=5,045 [kWh]

? Index σ’v = Σ γ d γT=100 [lb/ft3] +γclay dclay 1 Find: σ’v at d = 30 feet (1+wc)*γw wc+(1/SG) σ’v = Σ γ d d Sand 10 ft γT=100 [lb/ft3] 100 [lb/ft3] 10 [ft] 20 ft Clay = γsand dsand +γclay dclay A W S V [ft3] W [lb] 40 ft text wc = 37% ? Δh 20 [ft] (5 [cm])2 * π/4