Chapter 3-4 Notes Lecture 4 Napoleon Standard 10.2.4

Standard 10.2.4 Explain how the ideology of the French Revolution led France to develop from constitutional monarchy to democratic despotism to the Napoleonic empire. Essential Question: Was Napoleon a hero or a tyrant?

Napoleon… The Man, The Myth, The Legend 5’2 Born in Corsica Moved up quickly through the French ranks Seized power in a coup d’etat “Savior” of the French Republic

Napoleon’s Rule Pretended to be a constitutionally chosen leader Kept many of the revolutionary changes Equal taxation, less corruption, & equal opportunities Supported across class lines

The French Civil Code (Code Napoleon- still around today) Good Uniform set of laws Embodied enlightenment Equality of all citizens before the law. Elimination of many injustices Individual choice & religious tolerance Bad Limited liberty Took away freedom of speech & press Elimination of some rights for women Napoleon favored his order and authority over the people’s individual rights

Napoleon Creates an Empire Attempts to expand empire in the Americas Sells Louisiana Territory to United States Annexes – the Netherlands, Belgium, parts of Italy, and Germany Attacks Britain by sea and loses this is his first mistake

Napoleon Makes 3 costly Mistakes

Mistake # 1: Continental System No one is allowed to trade w/Britain Starve them into submission Plan fails Russia/Portugal continue to trade w/Britain France’s economy weakens

Mistake # 2: Peninsular War Napoleon sends troops through Spain to invade Portugal Inflames Spanish “nationalism” people riot Spread of nationalism aroused opposition to France Resistance to foreign rule Napoleon loses 300,000 men in campaign

Mistake # 3 Invasion of Russia Napoleon takes 600,000 troops into Russia in June, 1812 Grain disputes Russia created the “scorched-earth policy” burning grain fields & slaughtering livestock Left nothing for France Winter kicks in (-35 degrees) Army retreats~ less than 20,000 survive

Napoleon’s Downfall Enemies take advantage of Napoleon’s weakness 4th coalition (Austria, Prussia, Sweden, Britain) attack. Napoleon surrenders in April 1814~ exiled to Elba Escapes Battle of Waterloo-1815 Napoleon exiled (again) Dies 1821

Congress of Vienna (1814) Peace lasts for 100 years The International conference to remake Europe after the downfall of Napoleon I Create a balance of power that would preserve the peace & restore the monarchy German Confederation & the Netherlands was created Concert of Europe: leaders from countries meet to talk out problems and avoid future wars. One Hundred Days. (Sept 1814-June 1815-congree) Peace lasts for 100 years

Hero? or Tyrant? Democratic despotism (dictatorship) Code Napoleon Vote counts BUT he maintained absolute power Liberty destroyed Caused massive deaths of his soldiers Cared only for his own gains Code Napoleon Equality for all/individual choices/religious freedoms Conquered many lands Bigger empire Liberty was destroyed by Napoleon’s despotism. Equality had been preserved by the Civil Code.

Vocabulary Napoleonic Code Annex Continental System Guerilla Warfare Scorched Earth Abdicate Congress of Vienna Concert of Europe