1SS-E18. Describe the actions taken to build one nation from thirteen states, with emphasis on: PO 1. the precedents established by George Washington, including the cabinet and two terms of the presidency PO 2. Alexander Hamilton’s actions to create a financially strong nation, including the creation of a National Bank and payment of debts PO 3. the creation of political parties, including the ideals of the Democratic Republicans and the Federalists

1789-1797 Elected Unanimously by Electoral College; John Adams Elected Vice President 1SS-E18. Describe the actions taken to build one nation from thirteen states, with emphasis on: PO 1. the precedents established by George Washington, including the cabinet and two terms of the presidency

Inaugurated in NYC April 30, 1789

Thomas Jefferson, Secretary of State 1SS-E18. Describe the actions taken to build one nation from thirteen states, with emphasis on: PO 1. the precedents established by George Washington, including the cabinet and two terms of the presidency

Alexander Hamilton, Secretary of Treasury 1SS-E18. Describe the actions taken to build one nation from thirteen states, with emphasis on: PO 1. the precedents established by George Washington, including the cabinet and two terms of the presidency

Henry Knox, Secretary of War 1SS-E18. Describe the actions taken to build one nation from thirteen states, with emphasis on: PO 1. the precedents established by George Washington, including the cabinet and two terms of the presidency

Edmund Randolph, Attorney General 1SS-E18. Describe the actions taken to build one nation from thirteen states, with emphasis on: PO 1. the precedents established by George Washington, including the cabinet and two terms of the presidency

Judiciary Act of 1789 Congress Created Judicial Branch John Jay named first Chief Justice

Proposed plan to get country off on sound economic footing 1SS-E18. Describe the actions taken to build one nation from thirteen states, with emphasis on: PO 2. Alexander Hamilton’s actions to create a financially strong nation, including the creation of a National Bank and payment of debts PO 3. the creation of political parties, including the ideals of the Democratic Republicans and the Federalists

How does a government go into debt? By selling bonds Bond: a certificate of ownership of a specified portion of a debt due to be paid by a government or corporation to an individual holder and usually bearing a fixed rate of interest.

1SS-E18. Describe the actions taken to build one nation from thirteen states, with emphasis on: PO 2. Alexander Hamilton’s actions to create a financially strong nation, including the creation of a National Bank and payment of debts

Foreign Policy Washington sends “Mad” Anthony Wayne to fight Indians in Ohio Valley Wayne Defeats large force at Fallen Timbers and forces tribes to sign Treaty of Greenville, giving up claims to Ohio Valley

French Revolution 1789

HOW IS US INVOLVED?

How is US involved? French Revolution and Ensuing war with Britain splits American public opinion and Washington’s cabinet Hamilton and his supporters support Britain and the French aristocracy Jefferson and his supporters support France and the Revolution

Jefferson on the Revolution January 30, 1787 "A little rebellion now and then is a good thing." November 13, 1787 "The tree of liberty must be refreshed from time to time with the blood of patriots and tyrants. It is its natural manure."

Washington Knew the US had to remain neutral, favoring neither side Issued Proclamation of Neutrality in 1793 Ordered Citizen Genet sent back to France Jefferson resigned cabinet post

Major Treaties Jay Treaty 1794 – British finally agree to evacuate forts on American frontier and soil, but failed to end British harassment of US ships at sea Pinckney Treaty 1795 – Spain agreed to allow Americans to use lower Mississippi River and port of New Orleans, set Florida border

By 1792, Hamilton and Jefferson headed rival political parties. Federalists Pessimistic View: people are basically selfish and must be controlled by government Jeffersonians or Republicans (or Democratic Republicans Optimistic view of human nature: people are basically good and capable of self-government

Both men agreed that aristocracy should rule, but differed on definition of aristocracy. Jefferson favored a natural aristocracy based on virtue and talent Hamilton favored rich and well-born aristocracy, based on birth, wealth and status

Government Power 1. Nationalist; strong central government 2. Loose Construction of Constitution (based on Elastic or necessary and proper clause, Article 1, section 8, clause 18)

Economy and Capitalism Industrial economy based on manufacturing Modified capitalism, government aids business Responsive to creditors Tariff to protect American business Agrarian economy; farmer backbone of society Rural centered Laissez-faire (hands off) approach to economy Responsive to debtors No tariffs

Foreign Policy Pro-British Pro-French

Washington Retires 1796, says two terms is more than enough, retires to Mount Vernon home

Farewell Address Asks Hamilton to write farewell address which is published in newspapers throughout country Includes 4 warnings to future generations: 1) Stay out of European affairs 2) Do not enter into permanent alliance 3) Avoid sectionalism 4) Do not form political parties

Adams Presidency

1800 Election Results (16 states in the Union) Thomas Jefferson Virginia Democratic-Republican 73 52.9% Aaron Burr New York John Adams Massachusetts Federalist 65 47.1% Charles Pinckney South Carolina 64 46.4% John Jay 1 0.7% Total Number of Electors 138 Total Electoral Votes Cast 276 Number of Votes for a Majority 70

1800 Election Results (Into the House of Representatives!!)  1 vote for each State  Thomas Jefferson Virginia Democratic-Republican 10 62.5% Aaron Burr New York 4 25.0% Blank ------- 2 12.5%

Why was it the Revolution of 1800?