OPERATION URGENT FURY II

Wednesday 4/13/16 The Tete a Tete, from Marriage a la Mode A Philosopher Giving a Lecture at the Orrery Monticello The Oath of the Horatii George Washington – Houdon The Death of Marat

18TH CENTURY ENGLISH PAINTING: SATIRICAL PAINTING Social criticism/satire Painting were transferred to prints for mass production Free expression Criticism of political corruption, contemporary lifestyles -> sort of the first political cartoons

(#98) THE TETE A TETE, FROM MARRIAGEE A LA MODE William Hogarth, The Tete a Tete from Marriage a la Mode, c. 1743, oil on canvas One of six scenes in suite of paintings called Marriage a la Mode Narrative paintings; later turned into a series of prints Highly satiric paintings about aristocratic English society This scene shows the couple shortly after marriage -> each pursuing pleasure without the other

18TH CENTURY ENGLISH PAINTING: Scientific Revolution The Enlightenment Scientific inquiry and empirical observation Apply reason to the social world Leads into the Industrial Revolution of the mid to late 18th century in England “dare to know” Reason, hope, progress, natural rights

(#100) A PHILOSOPHER GIVING A LECTURE ON THE ORRERY Joseph Wright of Derby, A Philosopher Giving a Lecture on the Orrery, 1763-1765, oil on canvas Influenced by the meeting of provincial group of intellectuals called the Lunar Society Popularization of science Orrery = early form of a planetarium Lamp in center is the sun Mixed group of middle class people Philosopher pauses for note taker to catch up -> young audience dazzled by science Inspired buy Caravaggio’s use of tenebrism

NEOCLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE: Revision of classical principles onto a modern framework Influenced by the Renaissance architect Palladio who was influenced by the Roman architect Vitruvius Symmetry, balance, composition, and order Columns, capitals, pediments, domes, etc.

(#102-1) MONTICELLO Thomas Jefferson, Monticello, 1768-1806, brick, glass, stone, and wood, Charlottesville, Virginia Chief building on Jefferson’s plantation Octagonal dome Brick building, stucco applied to trim to give the effect of marble Tall French doors and window to allow circulation in hot Virginia summers

(#102-2) MONITCELLO: PLAN Thomas Jefferson, Monticello, 1768-1806, brick, glass, stone, and wood, Charlottesville, Virginia Symmetrical interior Appears to be one-story with a dome, but the balustrade hides the second floor Inspired by Palladian villas in Italy “Little mountain” in Italian

NEOCLASSICAL PAINTING: Symmetrical Classical subjects Clarity of detail 18th century Influenced by the excavation of Pompeii and Herculaneum -> Greco-Roman is hip!, but tough and noble

(#103) THE OATH OF THE HORATII Jacques-Louis David, The Oath of the Horatii, 1784, oil on cavas Exemplum virtutis = a painting that tells a moral tell for the viewer Story of three Roman brothers pledging fidelity to their father and to Rome Forms are vigorous, powerful, animated, emphatic Figures pushed to the foreground

Angelica Kauffman, Cornelia Presenting Her Children as Her Treasures, 1785 Illustration of ancient Roman Republican civic virture -> “virtutas painting” Children and family more important than wealth and jewelry

Jacques-Louis David, Death of Marat David will be a key painter of neo-classicism Advocate of tough minded democratic and civic values Will be a propagandist for both the French Revolution and Napoleon The revolutionary journalist Jean-Paul Marat murdered in his bathtub by the counter- revolutionary Charlotte Corday Vision of the secular martyr -> he died the Revolution

NEOCLASSICAL SCULPTURE: Continuance of an ancient tradition Preferred white marble Classicism Realism – modern day garb Updating and copying the ancients

(#104) GEORGE WASHINGTON Jean-Antoine Houdon, George Washington, 1788-1792, marble, State Capitol at Richmond, Virginia Washington dressed as an 18th century gentleman Both civilian and military aspects -> both sword and plow The Society of Cincinattus -> inspired by the Roman Republic Leaning on the Roman fasces with thirteen rods bound together Political propaganda/equating the early republic with the virtue of the Roman Republic