CELLS AND VIRUS

DISCOVERY OF THE CELL Robert Hooke- 1st to see cells in a cork. Matthias Schleiden- Saw living cells in plants. Theodor Schwann- Saw living cells in tissues of animals. Rudolf Virchow- Concluded that new cells come from other cells.

Cell Theory All living things are composed of cells. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function. New cells are produced from existing cells.

Types of cells There are two types of cells: Prokaryote: bacteria Missing a membrane bound nucleus. Much smaller and less complex. Eukaryote Has a nucleus and membrane bound organelles. Bigger and more complex

Types of Eukaryotic Cells There are two types of eukaryotic cells: Animal Plants

Organelles in Animal Cell Nucleus Nucleolus Golgi Body Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Rough endoplasmic reticulum Ribosome Mitochondrion Cell(plama) membrane Lysosome Centriole Vacuole Cytoplasm

Organelles in a Plant Cells Nucleus Nucleolus Golgi Body Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Rough endoplasmic reticulum Ribosome Mitochondrion Cell(plama) membrane Lysosome Cytoplasm Cell Wall Chloroplast Larger vacuole

Virus Depends on a host cell to reproduce. Out of the host, it exist with a protein caspid. The caspid has RNA or DNA. They do not undergo metabolism therefore are not living..

Section Assessment What are the differences between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells? What structures do all cells have? How did the invention of the microscope help the development of the cell theory?

Organelles Organelles are parts that are found in the cell and have specific functions.

Organelle Function Memory Item Cell Membrane Cell Wall Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Aparatus Lysosmoes Mitochondria Vacoules Nucleus Nucleolus Chromatin Chloroplast Ribosome Cytoplasm

The Nucleus The nucleus controls all the cell's activity, its like the brain of the cell. DNA is found in the nucleus and is similar in all of the cells in an organism. Some genes are either turned on or off which allows for different types of cells like muscle cells, nerve cells, and blood cells.

Nucleolus The nucleolus is a membrane-less organelle within the nucleus that manufactures ribosomes, the cell's protein-producing structures. Through the microscope, the nucleolus looks like a large dark spot within the nucleus.

Ribosomes Ribosomes are found floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. Ribosomes are like factories for making proteins. Proteins are used to make the cell parts for the cell.

Cytoplasm The cytoplasm is jelly-like goo inside the cell that holds all the cell's parts . Centrioles

Mitochondria Mitochondria (singular Mitochondrion) are the "powerhouses" of the cell.They change energy from food to energy for the cell.

Lysosomes Lysosomes contain chemicals that break down materials in the cell. They break down large food particles into smaller ones as well as old cell parts. Lysosomes are the cell's cleanup crew. They are small and round. Lysosomes are common in animal cells but very rare in plant cells.

Vacuole in an animal cell Vacoule Vacuole in an animal cell   Vacuole in a plant cell Vacuoles are storage areas for the cell. They store water, food, waste and other materials. Plant cells usally have 1 large vacuole. Animal cells have a few small vacuoles or none at all.

Cell (plasma) membrane All cells have cell membranes. The cell membrane is the outside layer that separates the cell from the outside. In cells that have a cell wall the cell membrane is the second layer. The cell membrane controls what materials come into and out of a cell. Everything the cell needs comes into the cell through the cell membrane. The cell membrane lets in food, oxygen, water, and other nutrients into the cell. The cell's waste leaves the cell through the cell membrane. The cell membrane also prevents harmful materials from entering the cell.

Golgi aparatus (bodies) Golgi Bodies get proteins and other newly created materials from the Endoplasmic Reticulum, package them, and send the materials to other parts of the cell. They are located right next to the endoplasmic reticulum. They look like flattened sacs and tubes.

Endoplasmic Reticulum The Endoplasmic Reticulum carries proteins and other materials from one part of the cell to another. It is attached to the outside of the nucleus. RER- Contains ribosmes which produce proteins. SER: Does not have ribosomes and produces lipids. Both are highways by which proteins and lipids travel.

Cell Wall Cell walls are found in plant cells, not in animal cells. The cell wall protects and supports the cell. The cell wall is made of a nonliving material called cellulose that surrounds the cell. It is tough but water, oxygen, and other materials can pass through it.

Chloroplast Chloroplast are only found in plant cells. Chloroplasts get energy from the sun and use it to make food to use by animals and other consumers. Chloroplast have chlorophyll which gives plants their green color.