Wireless Communication Fundamentals II

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Presentation transcript:

Wireless Communication Fundamentals II David Holmer dholmer@jhu.edu

Review Wireless = electro-magnetic waves Path-loss over distance Multi-path reflections Modulation

Symbol Rate & Bandwidth Modulation allows transmission of one of several possible symbols (two or more) Data stream is encoded by transmitting several symbols in succession Symbol rate ≈ bandwidth Throughput (bits/sec) Spectrum usage (Hz) Inter-symbol interference (ISI) occurs unless delay spread << symbol time

Thermal Noise Ever-present thermal noise in wireless medium Sums with any wireless transmission Potentially causes errors in reception (digital) or degradation of quality (analog) Effectively limits transmission range when transmitting signal strength falls below noise floor -174 dBm/Hz

Thermal Noise Calculation Depends on channel bandwidth About 25 MHz for 802.11b or 802.11a channel = -174dBm/Hz + 10log(bandwidth in Hz) So for 802.11 Noise Floor is about -100 dBm -100 dBm = 10log( .0000000000001 Watts )

Noise Limits Transmitting Distance Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) Short range transmission (low path loss) + = High Long range transmission (high path loss) = + Low

Physical Channel Properties Review Wireless signal strength Transmit power Loss over distance (falls off by d2) Shadowing (e.g. absorption by walls) Multi-path (e.g. bouncing off of metal objects) Noise Thermal noise floor Environmental noise (e.g. microwave ovens) Channel quality Related to signal to noise ratio