Introduction to Chemistry Ms. Sawh Form 4 Chemistry

What you will need Notebook: a new one/Form 3 notebook Lab book: purchase in school Syllabus (available online) Past Papers (available in bookstores/school) Access to Computer and my website: www.sawhcoolchem.weebly.com An email address Folder pages/manila folders

Chemistry What do you think the study of Chemistry is about? Why are you studying Chemistry? Do you think Chemistry has any relevance to your everyday life? How is Chemistry different to any other science e.g. Biology, Physics?

Matter What is matter? Anything that has a mass and a volume

What are the states of matter? Solid Liquid Gas Plasma Close up view of atoms and their behavior Animated images are from http://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/

Physical vs. Chemical Change Changing from one state to another is a Physical Change, e.g. melting Give another example. If a new substance is formed it is a Chemical Change, e.g. Give another example. Images are from http://www.chem4kids.com

Kinetic Theory of Matter (Particulate Nature of Matter) All Matter is made up of particles Name these particles. How do we know these particles exist? What evidence do we have that proves matter is made up of particles?

Processes that prove particles exist in matter The particles that exist in matter are: atoms, molecules and ions. The evidence that proves these particles exist are: Diffusion Osmosis Brownian Motion Write a definition of each and give examples.

Pure and Impure Matter Matter can be pure and impure. How can we tell if a substance is pure? Can you name any pure substances? What are some impure substances?

Pure substances Atoms Elements Molecules Compounds Can you write definitions for these pure substances and give examples?

Atoms Elements Smallest indivisible particles making up elements. The building blocks of Matter Consists of Protons (+), Electrons (-), and Neutrons (0). Elements Consists of only one kind of atom, Cannot be broken down into a simpler type of substance by either physical or chemical means Can exist as either atoms or molecules. Give examples. Images are from http://www.chem4kids.com

Molecules A molecule consists of two or more atoms of the same element, or different elements, that are chemically bound together. Give examples.

Compounds Atoms of two or more different elements bound together. Can be separated into elements chemically, but not physically. Give examples. Animated images and notes from http://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/atoms/elements.html

Solutions Homogeneous Impure Matter Solutions are groups of molecules that are mixed up in a completely even distribution. They can be homogeneous or heterogeneous. Homogeneous Uniform Distribution. Example: Sugar and Water Images are from http://www.chem4kids.com

Solute Solvent To make a solution: The substance to be dissolved. The one doing the dissolving.

Making a Solution

Colloids Particle sizes are in between the size of particles found in solutions and suspensions . Can be mixed and remain evenly distributed without settling out.

Mixtures Heterogeneous They are substances (compounds,elements) held together by physical forces, not chemical. Can be separated physically. Solutions are also mixtures, but can be heterogeneous. Heterogeneous The substances are not uniformly mixed. Example: Sand in a glass of water. Images are from http://www.chem4kids.com

Mixtures Suspensions Are heterogeneous mixtures consisting of parts that are visible to the naked eye. Substances will settle over time. Example: the ingredients in salad dressing

Matter Mixtures Homogeneous Heterogeneous Pure Substances Solvent Solution Solvent Colloids Heterogeneous Suspensions Pure Substances Element Molecule Compounds

Questions How is a mixture different to a compound? How is a compound different to a molecule? How is an atom different to an element? Is a solution a pure substance?