Chapter 11: Cultures of East Asia

Section 3 - Japan and Korea Main Idea Geography and cultural borrowing from China shaped the early civilizations of Japan and Korea. Objectives What factors shaped early Japanese civilization? How did foreign influences shape life in early Japan? What characteristics defined Japan’s Heian period? What were the main events in the history of early Korea?

I. Early Japanese Civilization Japan – a 1500-mile archipelago east of Asia

The flag of modern Japan I. Early Japanese Civilization Japanese call their country Nippon, meaning “Land of the Rising Sun” The flag of modern Japan

I. Early Japanese Civilization Japan lies on the Ring of Fire, a zone of volcanoes, earthquakes, and tsunamis

I. Early Japanese Civilization People never far from sea, turned to sea for food, transportation Sea protected and isolated Japan – 100 miles from Korea, 400 from China

Ainu couple in their traditional dress I. Early Japanese Civilization Early people were hunters and gatherers; Ainu are oldest Japanese culture Ainu couple in their traditional dress

Jomon period clay figurines I. Early Japanese Civilization Ainu driven onto northernmost island; new peoples organized into clans Jomon period clay figurines known as dogu (ca. 14,000 - 300 B.C.E) Storage jar, late Yayoi period (ca. 4th century B.C.–3rd century A.D.) ca. 100–200

Raijin - The god lightning, thunder, and storms I. Early Japanese Civilization Japanese belief in nature spirits, or kami, developed into the Shinto religion  Raijin - The god lightning, thunder, and storms Fujin – the Wind God

I. Early Japanese Civilization Shinto - “way of the kami”: Everything in nature has a kami, No sacred text or formal structure Shrines built to honor kami

I. Early Japanese Civilization Sun goddess Amaterasu was a revered kami; first emperor of Yamato clan claimed to be her grandson

II. Foreign Influences on Japan By mid-500s Japan had increased contact with Korea and China - cultural diffusion

II. Foreign Influences on Japan Korean traders, travelers brought foreign influences, i.e. Chinese writing, Buddhism  The kobuk-son: Korea's “Turtle Ship”

II. Foreign Influences on Japan Prince Shotoku sent scholars to learn from Chinese Prince Shotoku (574-622) Japan’s regent from 593 to 622

II. Foreign Influences on Japan Chinese religion, art, science, government, and fashion influenced Japanese society

III. The Heian Period 794 - Emperor moved capital to Heian (Kyoto); elegant court society developed

III. The Heian Period Nobles called themselves “dwellers among the clouds”

III. The Heian Period Rules of etiquette governed all aspects of court behavior and dress

III. The Heian Period Culture flourished - Lady Murasaki Shikibu wrote the world’s first novel, The Tale of Genji

III. The Heian Period Women of the Heian court enjoyed writing and reading, especially Monogatari, or fictional prose

III. The Heian Period Fujiwara family controlled Japan for most of Heian period Nakatomi no Kamatari, was given the surname Fujiwara and became the founder of a family that was to dominate Japanese government for centuries to come.

IV. Korea Korean Peninsula was settled by nomadic peoples from northeastern Asia

IV. Korea Gojoseon (c.2333 - 108 BC) was the first Korean kingdom

IV. Korea c. 108 B.C. Han China conquered Gojoseon and controlled Korea for 400 years

Celadon Pottery (Koryo period) IV. Korea About 670 the Silla united Korea for the first time, but were overthrown in 935 by the Koryo Celadon Pottery (Koryo period)

Korean movable type from 1377 IV. Korea Koreans improved printing methods by creating metal moveable type Korean movable type from 1377

IV. Korea Mongols of the Yuan dynasty invaded in the 1200s –demanded immense tributes and enslaved many Koreans

IV. Korea Koreans rebelled as the Yuan weakened. In 1392, the Yi dynasty was established; lasted until 1910 General Yi Song Gye, Founder of the Yi (or Choson) Dynasty, which lasted from 1392 until 1910