Herbivory BIOL/BOT 160 – Ecology.

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Presentation transcript:

Herbivory BIOL/BOT 160 – Ecology

Herbivory Why might this be a problem? Insect Pests in Northern California Herbivory http://dsf.chesco.org/ccparks/lib/ccparks/creaturefeature/deer_browsing.jpg http://www.forestry.ubc.ca/fetch21/FRST308/lab5/lymantria_dispar/damage2.jpg Different from predation in that the prey usually survives the attack However, herbivores can increase the risk of mortality Gypsy Moth http://www.entomology.wisc.edu/diaglab/08images/gypsy%20moth%20damage.JPG http://www.entomology.wisc.edu/diaglab/08hilite/06-11.html Why might this be a problem?

Results of vector plot Predicted from vector plot http://www.sci-fi-o-rama.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/12/lynx_and_hare.png Predicted from vector plot

Effects on Plant Fitness Consumed by herbivore Effects Leaves Bark Root Flower Sap Any of the above Photosynthesis and ability to obtain water Ability to move nutrients Ability to obtain water Ability to reproduce Ability to obtain nutrients Drain reserves http://www.orchidlady.com/assets/images/orchidFlowerAnatomy_1.gif http://images.absoluteastronomy.com/images/topicimages/p/pl/plant_sap.gif

Effects worse on juvenile plants or leaves Juveniles and new leaves have least amount of sclerophyll most easily accessible nutrients http://www.terrain.org/arterrain/18/images/newleaves.JPG http://www.vivioworld.com/images/seedling.jpg

Plant defenses Defense!

Plant Defenses Cyanide Nicotine Caffeine Cocaine Morphine Mescaline Structural Hairy Leaves Thorns Secondary Compounds Quantitative inhibitors E.g. tannins, resins Qualitative inhibitors E.g. Toxins Cyanide Nicotine Caffeine Cocaine Morphine Mescaline Pyrethrin http://wvs.topleftpixel.com/05/05/18/

Plant Defenses TERPENE GAS Gall formation http://rowdyrodi.wordpress.com/2007/11/16/nature-walk/thorns-thorns-thorns/ Some defenses are always present Referred to as CONSTITUTIVE Some defenses are developed in response to herbivore Referred to as INDUCED http://www.ipm.iastate.edu/ipm/icm/files/images/20070409corn.jpg http://www.agri.ruh.ac.lk/cinnamon/IMG_0427.JPG Gall formation http://www.physorg.com/newman/gfx/news/2006/cat-mp.jpg TERPENE GAS