The Allied Victory HSCE 7.2.3Ch. 32 sec. 4 *Dec. 22, 1941---Churchill & FDR met at White House to develop war strategy… --Stalin asked for help w/ Germans & open a 2nd front --Force Hitler to fight 2-front war & kill him that way --FDR agreed *Britain & U.S. hit North Africa & S. Europe first --Stalin is upset & wanted France invaded first----USSR had to hold out on their own…..millions of Russians died waiting for the other Allies…..

*The North Africa Campaign--- -Rommel (Desert Fox) had taken Egypt --Brits sent in Gen. Montgomery---Monty took Germans by surprise (Oct. 1942) & pushed the Afrika Korps west…. --Nov. 1942---Americans land in Morocco & Algeria w/ 100 K troops, led by Dwight D. Eisenhower---Rommel was caught btwn. the Americans & Brits = Afrika Korps defeated in May 1943!

*The Battle of Stalingrad--- Aug. 23, 1942 --Luftwaffe did bombing raids that virtually destroyed the city & set fires everywhere --Stalin told his generals to defend the city to the death --Nov. 1942—Germans controlled 90% of the city --Winter---Soviets closed Germans inside the city, cut them off --Germ. general begged for retreat—AH refused!!!! --Feb. 1943---90,000 half-starved Germans surrendered to Soviets---90 K out of 330 K were all that was left *Stalingrad cost Soviets 1 MILLION troops & ruined 99% of the city!!! *Germans NOW on the defensive----Soviets pushing Westward!

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x0RIYCm7zNo Stalingrad

*Stalin wanted Brits & Americans to invade France…. --July 1943—captured Italy first --Germans regained N. Italy & put Mussolini back in charge --May 1945---Italian resistance fighters found Mussolini disguised as a Germ. soldier & shot him, then hung his body in Milan for all to see

*Mobilizing for War---U.S. engaged in Total War… -factories converted from peacetime production to war production (Ford Motor Co.) (Typewriter co. made armor piercing shells) -Shortage of consumer goods—meat, tires, sugar, gas, nylon stockings, soap = rationing -young people collected scrap metal & glass *Limits on civil rights--- fear of Japanese after Pearl Harbor -seen as the enemy -FDR issued order to intern all Jap. Ams. Into camps b/c they were seen as threat to the country -2/3 were born in America & were true citizens

*Victory in Europe---1943—Allies begin to secretly plan for the invasion of Europe thru German controlled France *The D-Day Invasion---June 6, 1944 -1000s of planes, ships, tanks, landing craft, & more than 3 million troops involved in attack -planned to strike the coast of Normandy -Germs. knew it was coming, but didn’t know where -Allies set up a dummy army in Calais to throw off Germans -Largest land & sea attack in history -w/in a month, despite HUGE losses, the Allies broke thru the German lines into France -By Sept. France, Belgium, & Luxembourg were FREE from Hitler

*Battle of the Bulge---Hitler getting pinched by Allies from the east & west (Dec. 1945) -last German counterattack in the west -split up Allied lines & cut off supply lines -in Ardennes forest, Germs. attacked & caught Allies off guard -Allies pushed back & Germany had no reinforcements….war was all but over for the Nazis *Germany’s Unconditional Surrender---1945 -March = Allies roll into Germany -April = 3 mill. troops from the west, 6 mill. from the east surround Berlin -April 29, 1945 = Hitler marries long-time gf, Eva Braun --next day, they commit suicide & their bodies burned http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RCn7Xk_6sb8 Eva & Adolf

*Victory in the Pacific--- Fall of 1944—Allies get ready for Japan -Japanese Navy fought the Battle of Leyte Gulf in hopes to destroy the U.S. fleet-----the Japanese got beat horribly!!!! -Kamikazes---desperate….used Japanese suicide pilots -U.S. captured Iwo Jima, Okinawa = cost Americans 1000s of lives & the Japanese 100K + lives -Truman heard an invasion of Japan could cost up to 500 K lives! Had a new type of weapon = atomic bomb -HST warned the Japanese = surrender or be massively bombed…..no reply -Aug. 6, 1945 = atomic bombed dropped on Hiroshima -Aug. 9 = bombed dropped on Nagasaki *Japanese formal surrender was Sept. 2, 1945 **WWII was OVER…..