Bacteria, Archaea, Viruses

Organism Microorganism Any living thing Microorganism A very small organism that can only be seen with a microscope.

Bacteria- How are they grouped/classified? Bacteria are grouped by Shape. Round- Coccus, Cocci Rod-Bacilus, Baci Spiral- Spirillum, Sprili Bacterium = 1 Bacteria = 2 or more

Bacteria- How do they obtain energy? Producers Make their own food through photosynthesis ; food for other organisms Decomposers Break-down dead materials, help reuse Materials Parasite Infects and harms a host; uses host to obtain energy

Bacteria- Body Structure Cell Wall/Cell Membrane- Protection on the outside DNA- Genetic Material, sets the Instructions Cytoplasm- Fills the inside, fluid Flagella/Pilli/Spikes- Movement Ribosomes- Makes proteins Remember: Prokaryote = NO NUCLEUS!!

Bacteria- Interaction with Humans Helpful Fix nitrogen for plants to use. Breakdown raw sewage in cities wastewater Clean-up oil spills Keeps our digestive systems “regular” Help obtain needed nutrients/vitamins from food Harmful Invade bodies and harm healthy cells Can poison bodies with chemicals TB, cholera, anthrax, whooping cough, strep etc.

Bacteria reproduce by binary fission. Numerous on Earth You carry about 10 lbs of bacteria with you everyday. Simplest life form on Earth Bacteria are single-celled organisms without nuclei. Bacteria reproduce by binary fission. Bacteria have different shapes and different roles in the environment.

M&M Bacteria Growth Lab Group Jobs- Reader- Reads procedure, makes sure group follows directions stays on task and all members participate Recorder- writes down data and answers to questions, turns in lab for group Grapher- obtains graph paper, uses data to graph results, helps to analyze Materials Manager- in charge of set up/clean up and manipulation of materials

Bacteria/Archaea- How do they Reproduce? Bacteria reproduce by Binary Fission. Binary Fission is a type of asexual reproduction.

Way that Bacteria Reproduce Binary Fission The genetic material is copied and one cell divides into 2 cells that are an exact copy of the original cell. Way that Bacteria Reproduce

Archaea- How are they grouped/classified? Archaea are grouped by where they live. Methanogens- “methane-loving” Halophiles- “salt-loving” Thermophiles- “heat-loving” Psychrophiles- “cold-loving” Acidophiles- “acid-loving”

Archaea- How do they obtain energy? Producers Make their own food through photosynthesis Consumers Some get energy from sulfur, hydrogen gas, or carbon dioxide

Archaea- Body Structure Cell Wall/Cell Membrane- Protection on the outside DNA- Genetic Material, sets the Instructions Cytoplasm- Fills the inside, fluid Flagella/Pilli/Spikes- Movement Ribosomes- Makes proteins Remember: Prokaryote = NO NUCLEUS!!

Archaea- Interaction with Humans This is still under study, but as of now not much interaction due to where they live. Some Archaea have been found in our guts with Bacteria too.

Virus A non-living disease causing particle that use the materials inside a cell to make copies of itself Consists of genetic material enclosed in a protein coat.

Viruses are made of genetic material inside a protective protein coat. Viruses affect living things. Viruses are made of genetic material inside a protective protein coat. Viruses can reproduce using organisms. Viruses share some characteristics with living things. A capsid is similar to a cell membrane. The protein coat can be many layers.

Viruses do not share all the characteristics of living things. Viruses do not grow! Viruses do not share all the characteristics of living things. Viruses cannot reproduce without a host cell!! Viruses do not respond to the environment!

How do Viruses Reproduce? Attachment Entry Synthesis Assembly Release

1. Attachment: The virus attaches to a host cell 1. Attachment: The virus attaches to a host cell. In the case of the bacteriophage it will attach to a bacterium. 2. Entry: The virus forms a hole in the membrane or cell wall of the host. The nucleic acid of the virus enters the host cell. 3. Synthesis: The virus’ nucleic acid is used to make new viral nucleic acid and proteins for the new viruses being produced. (The host cells’ DNA becomes deactivated.) 4.  Assembly: New viruses are made inside the host cell. 5. Release: The host cell bursts to release the new viruses. The bursting is called lysis.

Host Cell- a cell that a virus infects and uses to make copies of itself.

What are some harmful effects of viruses? Flu Common colds Smallpox Chicken pox Cold sores AIDS

Bacteria Archaea Viruses