Why did the Roman Empire Fall?

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Presentation transcript:

Why did the Roman Empire Fall?

Lasted a Long Time Comparing Rome to British Empire, Mongol Empire, Soviet Union, USA, China Rome= City/Republic est. 500 years Empire est. 500 years British= State est. 400 years Empire est. 300 years Mongol Empire= est. 200 years Soviet Union= est. 75 years USA= 236 Years Chinese Dynasties= est. 4,500 years (several dynasties) Arc of empires: Established – Rise- Height- Decline- Fall

1st Theory: Lead poisoning caused a mental decline Lead glaze in pots and cups Lead’s effect on humans(next Page)

2nd Theory Plague During the Reign of Marcus Antonius (180 A.D.) Possibly Smallpox Estimates of 1/3 of empire’s population died- weakened military Unable to push back against invaders Social and Political unrest

3rd Theory Failure to advance technology/relied too much on slave labor Slavery in Ancient Rome different that slavery in the USA- could attain freedom, held many positions in society, sometimes children would not be slaves 20-30% of Empire was slave Constant need for slaves in manual labor jobs. Technology was not solving the problem Crops would go unpicked

4th Theory: Political Turmoil/Civil Wars Praetorian Guard Problems in 200s- - weak emperors in Severens Period - Constantine would abolish Guard in 312, but the Empire was already split Civil Wars between generals, Augustus and Caesars Lost of faith in rulers Hereditary instead of best able to rule picked after five emperors

5th Theory: Monetary Problems Trade deficit with eastern half of the empire Currency was not circulating- hoarding of gold by the upper class Inflation- goods cost more than most could pay for

6th Theory (most controversial)- Christianity/Christian Church was the overarching cause of the decline and fall of the Roman Empire

Controversial Gibbon Theory Developed by Gibbon - Knew the Roman Empire better than anyone - Later 1700s: Enlightenment, backlash against Catholic Church

Gibbon Theory Continued Weakened Roman virtues - stoicism ideals of personal honor and glory diminished - diminished role of military and political leaders Powerful church leaders focused on conversion and submission rather than properly running a state and leading its people Energies wasted on destroying pagan buildings, symbols, and people