Biology revision – CHAPTER 3 – Moving & Changing Materials Water Movement ______________ is the diffusion of ________________ through a ______________________ __________________ _______________. A dilute solution is when there is a _____________ water concentration. A concentrated solution is when there is a _________ water concentration. ________________ is the diffusion of ____________ molecules from a ______________ solution to a ________________ one, through a ___________________ ________________ membrane. Enzymes Using the diagram above to support you, explain the lock-and-key theory. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Summary of different methods of movement Substances moved: Conditions: Requirements: Energy needed: Diffusion Osmosis Active Transport KEY WORDS: Osmosis Partially Permeable Membrane Dilute Concentrated Active Site Specific Shape Denatured ASSESSMENT:

_______________________ Biology revision – CHAPTER 3 – Moving & Changing continued… Enzymes of digestion: COMMON MISCONCEPTION Explaining blood flow through the heart Explain the blood flow through the heart, include the sequence of contractions and valve openings. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________ Enzyme Site of production Reaction Remember that emulsification breaks fats into smaller drops but enzymes digest fats into fatty acids and glycerol. Blood Vessels Complete the table to summarise differences between the blood vessels. ARTERIES VEINS CAPILLARIES Carry blood .......... the heart Carry blood …….. the heart Carry blood ……… arteries ……. veins ……………. walls, …….. permeable ………….. walls, ………. permeable Walls ……….. and ………………….. Small …………….. Large ……………… …….. ………………… …………….. to prevent backflow of blood ……. ………………… Carry ………………….. blood Carry …………………………. blood Blood slowly loses its oxygen Blood under …………… pressure Blood under ………… pressure Pressure fails and ………….. disappears ASSESSMENT: KEY WORDS: Amylase Protease Carbohydrase Lumen Oxygenated Deoxygenated Atria Ventricles 2

Biology revision – CHAPTER 3 – Moving & Changing Materials Water Movement _Osmosis_____ is the diffusion of __Water_______ through a _Partially_____ __Permeable______ __Membrane_______. A dilute solution is when there is a _high_____ water concentration. A concentrated solution is when there is a _low_____ water concentration. _Osmosis________ is the diffusion of _water______ molecules from a __dilute______ solution to a ___concentrated_ one, through a _partially_________ __permeable_____ membrane. Enzymes Using the diagram above to support you, explain the lock-and-key theory. Enzymes are protein molecules made of chains of amino acids. Each enzyme has a unique sequence of amino acids which allows the active site to be a specific shape. The substrate fits exactly into this active site to catalyse a specific reaction. Only one type of substrate can fit into the active site – like a key fits a lock. Once attached an Enzyme Substrate Complex is formed – and it is changed into a product. If the shape of the active site changes – the enzyme is denatured and cannot catalyse the reaction. Summary of different methods of movement Substances moved: Conditions: Requirements: Energy needed: Diffusion Any dissolved substance or gas High concentration to low concentration Down a concentration gradient No Osmosis Water Dilute solution to concentrated solution Through a partially permeable membrane Active Transport Dissolved Substances More dilute solution to a more concentrated solution. Against a concentration gradient Yes KEY WORDS: Osmosis Partially Permeable Membrane Dilute Concentrated Active Site Specific Shape Denatured ASSESSMENT:

Biology revision – CHAPTER 3 – Moving & Changing continued… Enzymes of digestion: COMMON MISCONCEPTION Explaining blood flow through the heart Explain the blood flow through the heart, include the sequence of contractions and valve openings. vena cava brings deoxygenated blood to right atrium. Pulmonary vein brings oxygenated blood to left atrium. Heart is relaxed and atria are filled with blood. Atria contract at the same time forcing blood into the ventricles. From the right ventricle blood passes up and out the pulmonary artery to collect oxygen from lungs. From left ventricle blood passes up and out the aorta to deliver oxygenated blood to the tissues of the body. Ventricles contract from bottom upwards. Enzyme Site of production Reaction Amylase Salivary gland, pancreas, small intestine Starch to glucose Protease Stomach, pancreas, small intestine Proteins to amino acids Lipase Pancreas, small intestine Lipids to fatty acids & glycerol Remember that emulsification breaks fats into smaller drops but enzymes digest fats into fatty acids and glycerol. Blood Vessels Complete the table to summarise differences between the blood vessels. ARTERIES VEINS CAPILLARIES Carry blood .from.. the heart Carry blood …to the heart Carry blood from arteries to veins thick. walls, not. permeable thinner. walls, not permeable Walls thin. and permeable. Small lumen. Large …lumen …No Valves …valves.. to prevent backflow of blood No Valves Carry oxygenated. blood Carry deoxygenated blood Blood slowly loses its oxygen Blood under high pressure Blood under …low pressure Pressure fails and pulse. disappears ASSESSMENT: KEY WORDS: Amylase Protease Carbohydrase Lumen Oxygenated Deoxygenated Atria Ventricles 4