Serbia Britain Austria-Hungary 1,200,000 DEAD 3,620,000 WOUNDED Germany 1,773,000 DEAD 4,210,000 WOUNDED Russia 1,700,000 DEAD 4,950,000 WOUNDED France 1,375,000 DEAD 4,260,000 WOUNDED

116,516 U.S. Deaths

ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT MEETINGS IN THE HISTORY OF THE WORLD. MUST KNOW VERSAILLES TREATY

Treaty of Versailles

Palace of Versailles

The Hall of Mirrors

George Clemenceau Lloyd George Vittorio Orlando Woodrow Wilson Italy France What country is missing that paid the second highest price in terms of war dead? Russia experienced a communist revolution. http://youtube.com/watch?v=ShRA8HRMR4Q&feature=related

The Big Four (4) Great Britain, Italy, France, & the United States

President Woodrow Wilson (United States) Wilson arrived in Europe with his 'Fourteen Points'. These were his plans to ensure future peace in Europe. He believed Germany should be treated fairly and allowed to reestablish its economy. Wilson also proposed a 'League of Nations' that would be set up to settle future disputes between countries.

YOU ARE A FOOL AND AN IDEALIST YOU ARE A FOOL AND AN IDEALIST. YOU AMERICANS REALLY DID NOT SUFFER DURING THE GREAT WAR. FURTHERMORE, GERMANY NEEDS TO BE PUNISHED - SHE SHALL!!!! LASTLY, MUCH OF OUR INDUSTRY WAS DESTROYED BY GERMANY – WE WILL GET OUR POUND OF FLESH! GERMANY MUST FIRST TAKE FULL BLAME FOR THE WAR!!!!!!!!!! VERSAILLES TREATY: TERRITORY: ALSACE LORRAINE TO FRANCE SAAR BASIN TO FRANCE POLISH CORRIDOR SEPARATING GERMANY AFRICAN AND ASIAN COLONIES TAKEN FROM GERMANY DEMILITARIZED RHINELAND MANDATE SYSTEM IN MIDDLEEAST ECONOMIC: 33 BILLION DOLLARS IN REPARATIONS COAL - 45% TO FRANCE IRON ORE RESERVES - TO FRANCE 65% FACTORIES - 10% TO FRANCE MERCHANT MARINE FLEET TO FRANCE GEORGE CLEMENCEAU KEY POINT: UNLIKE WILSON, WHO DID NOT SEEK REVENGE, FRANCE AND GREAT BRITAIN SOUGHT REVENGE AGAINST GERMANY. THIS WOULD SET UP WORLD WAR TWO MILITARY: ARMY LIMITED TO 100,000 REDUCED NAVAL FLEET NO MILITARY AIRCRAFT MUNITIONS PLANTS SUPERVISED

George Clemenceau (French Prime Minister) Clemenceau was nicknamed "The Tiger". He wanted to make Germany pay for all the damage that France suffered during the years of fighting. He wanted to punish Germany so strongly that they couldn't start a war again.

David Lloyd-George (British Prime Minister) Many in Britain (having seen their husbands, sons and friends killed in the war) were eager for revenge. A popular saying was "Squeeze them until the pips squeak". However Lloyd-George himself was worried about the dangers of treating Germany too harshly.

Vittorio Orlando (Italian Prime Minister) Italy had declared war on Germany in 1915, changing sides from her alliance with Germany at the beginning of the war. Italy had been promised territory as a reward for changing sides. Orlando's main aim was to get the extra land for Italy - he wanted his 'fair share' from the spoils of war.

Italy really wanted the Dalmatia Islands to fully control Adriatic Sea trade.

Wilson’s 14 Points No more secret treaties between nations Freedom of the seas for all nations Tariffs (taxes) on goods traded between nations should be dramatically lowered or abolished Nations should drastically reduce their supply of military arms (equipment/weapons) Colonial powers should cede more power over to native peoples League of Nations should be formed to resolve conflict & prevent future wars

League of Nations The League of Nations was formed in 1920 and operated until 1946 Why did it dissolve? Did anything eventually replace it?

Reaction to Wilson’s 14 Points & the Treaty of Versailles Britain, France & Italy rejected many of these points They demanded that Germany pay $33 billion in reparations for destruction of European land & accept war-guilt Wilson reluctantly agreed in order for his League of Nations idea to be adopted

Reaction to Wilson’s 14 Points & the Treaty of Versailles Unfortunately, for Wilson (a Democrat), Congress rejected the treaty on grounds that the League of Nations may drag us into another war in Europe (U.S reverts back to Isolationism) Rejected by Republican Congressmen who resented Wilson’s presidency.

I DON’T GET IT! I LOST IN EUROPE. AM I GOING TO LOSE BACK HOME TO???? SENATORS WHO DO WISH TO APPROVE THE VERSAILLES TREATY

England Japan Foreign Nations

Argued that the League of Nations could draw the United States into an unnecessary war through a provision calling for members to enter into a joint economic & military alliance against “aggression”. U.S. Senators such as Lodge feared this would take away Congress’ right to declare war on behalf of the United States. Henry Cabot Lodge

ARTICLE X OF THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS CHARTER The Members of the League undertake to respect and preserve as against external aggression the territorial integrity and existing political independence of all Members of the League.  In case of any such aggression or in case of any threat or danger of such aggression the Council shall advise upon the means by which this obligation shall be fulfilled. MUST KNOW THE REPUBLICAN ISOLATIONISTS HATE THIS LANGUAGE WHICH MIGHT DRAW THE U.S. INTO ANOTHER EUROPEAN WAR

Treaty Fails To Pass In U.S.A. Separate treaty signed with Germany in 1921 after Wilson’s presidency was over.

More Treaty Provisions New countries were established out of the Austro-Hungarian Empire (See Map Activity) Ottoman Empire lands were put under British & French authority Alsace-Lorraine was given back to France

TERRITORIAL CHANGES 591 Pageant, 636

“Alsace-Lorraine will be mine….. MINE!”

IN GERMANY, THE THE HARSHNESS OF VERSAILLES TREATY WOULD NOT BE FORGOTTEN BY SOME