1. How far did methods of opposition to Nazi control of Germany change in the years 1939 to 1945 (6) 2. Lives of ordinary Germans were greatly affected by the impact of war between 1939 and 1945. Three important reasons were: • The aerial bombing of German cities • Food shortages and rationing • Invasion and defeat by the allies; Britain, USA and USSR. Arrange the factors in order of their significance for the lives of German civilians during the Second World War. Explain reasons for your choices. (9) First choice - [9 x answer lines] Second choice - Third choice -

1. How far did methods of opposition to Nazi control of Germany change in the years 1939 to 1945 (6) Who were the White Rose and how did they protest against the Nazis? Who were the Edelweiss Pirates and how did they protest against the Nazis? Who were Father Galen and Pastor Niemoller and how did they protest against the Nazis? What was the Kresau Circle who was Von Moltke and how did they protest against the Nazis? What was Valkyrie and who was Von Stauffenberg and how did they protest against the Nazis? How did opposition to Nazism differ in the war years to opposition before the war? How can the change be explained?

2. Lives of ordinary Germans were greatly affected by the impact of war between 1939 and 1945. Three important reasons were: • The aerial bombing of German cities • Food shortages and rationing • Invasion and defeat by the allies; Britain, USA and USSR. Arrange the factors in order of their significance for the lives of German civilians during the Second World War. Explain reasons for your choices. (9) First choice - [9 x answer lines] Second choice - Third choice -

• The aerial bombing of German cities 2. Lives of ordinary Germans were greatly affected by the impact of war between 1939 and 1945. • The aerial bombing of German cities What was ‘Area Bombing’? What happened to cities like Dresden and Hamburg? How did this impact on the lives of ordinary Germans? • Food shortages and rationing What happened to rations and rationed food during the early war years? What happened to rations and rationed food during the later war years? Why did these changes happen? How did Germans get the food and luxury items they wanted? • Invasion and defeat by the allies; Britain, USA and USSR. How easily did the allies conquer Germany? Were the German people pleased the war was over? Were German citizens treated with respect by the allies What challenges did the population face after the end of the war?