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I. The Persian Tradition II. Patterns of Greek and Roman History III I. The Persian Tradition II. Patterns of Greek and Roman History III. Greek and Roman Political Institutions IV. Religion and Culture V. Economy and Society in the Mediterranean VI. Toward the Fall of Rome

I. The Persian Tradition Cyrus the Great Empire by 550 B.C.E. Zoroastrianism

Greece and Greek Colonies II. Patterns of Greek and Roman History A. Greece Crete Greeks Indo-Europeans arrive by 1700 B.C.E. Mycenae by 1400 B.C.E. destroyed c. 800 B.C.E. Olympics religious City-States poleis Sparta, Athens Greece and Greek Colonies

Alexander’s Empire and the Hellenistic World,, c. 323 B.C.E. II. Patterns of Greek and Roman History A. Greece Pericles Athenian statesman Peloponnesian Wars (431–404 B.C.E.) Philip II of Macedon (359–336 B.C.E.) Hellenistic Period (323–100 B.C.E.) Alexandria Alexander’s Empire and the Hellenistic World,, c. 323 B.C.E.

II. Patterns of Greek and Roman History B. Rome Roman Republic Punic Wars (264–146 B.C.E.) Carthage Phoenician Hannibal Julius Caesar end of republic Empire Augustus Caesar Marcus Aurelius Diocletian Constantine Christianity Italy and the Aegean

The Expansion of the Roman Empire, 133 B.C.E. II. Patterns of Greek and Roman History B. Rome Roman Republic Punic Wars (264–146 B.C.E.) Carthage Phoenician Hannibal Julius Caesar end of republic Empire Augustus Caesar Marcus Aurelius Diocletian Constantine Christianity The Expansion of the Roman Empire, 133 B.C.E.

III. Greek and Roman Political Institutions Polis citizenship A. Greece Democracy demos, the people Oligarchy B. Rome Government Senate Consuls Assemblies Rhetoric Marcus Tullius Cicero Law codes 12 Tables, by 450 B.C.E.

IV. Religion and Culture Pantheon Zeus, Apollo, Neptune, Mars, Venus Mystery Religions Philosophy Socrates Plato Aristotle Stoics Sciences Ptolemy Pythagoras Literature Sappho Sophocles Iliad, Odyssey Arts Phidias

Greece and Greek Colonies, c. 431 B.C.E. V. Economy and Society in the Mediterranean Agriculture poor soils market farms Trade grain luxuries Society slavery family Greece and Greek Colonies, c. 431 B.C.E.

VI. Toward the Fall of Rome Complex Legacy