Lipids

Lipids Are insoluble in water Composed of many C-H bonds and very little oxygen Examples: Steroids Cholesterol, chlorophyll, sex hormones

Lipids Phospholipids Make up cell membranes Fats Monomers: 1 glycerol and 3 fatty acid chains Function in energy storage, insulation, and cushioning

2 Types of Fats Saturated fats Are solids at room temperature Ex. butter, lard Unsaturated fats Are liquids at room temperature Ex. oils

Nucleic Acids

Nucleic Acids Are composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus Store information in the form of a code Made of long chains of nucleotides Examples: DNA – carries genetic instructions RNA – synthesizes(makes) proteins

Testing for Organic Compounds

Lipids Paper bag or paper towel test Add sample to a dry paper bag/towel If lipids are present, a grease spot will remain when paper has dried If lipids are absent, the paper will just be dry

Proteins Biuret test Add a few drops and swirl If protein is present, sample will be lavender If protein is absent, sample will remain light blue

Carbohydrates - Sugars Benedict test Add a few drops and heat for 5 minutes in water bath

Carbohydrates - Sugars If sugar is present, sample will turn green, yellow, orange, or red If sugar is absent, sample will remain aqua blue

Carbohydrates - Starches Iodine test Add a few drops and swirl If starch is present, sample will turn dark blue or black If starch is absent, sample will remain dark yellow or orange