Team player or glory hog? Jackson Team player or glory hog?

Republican political party had split Whigs vs Democrats (Jacksonian) Election 1828 Republican political party had split Whigs vs Democrats (Jacksonian)

Jackson wins the Presidency: Why? Was it that people could relate to him? He could “relate” to their plight? Was he the hero the “everyday people” needed?

Used his poor and orphan background No formal education unlike others in the past. Tennessee – home state Became known as the “man for the common man” empathetic to needs of the people and people felt they can relate to him as well military hero – Battle of New Orleans support from the west “Old Hickory” - nickname

1828-1836 Two terms

Changes within the Federal/Central system: Spoils system – chose supporters for gov’t positions Rotation in office – more efficient gov’t Kitchen Cabinet – group of unofficial advisors who met with Jackson in the White House Kitchen to discuss matters with the people (first – hand)

Indian Removal Act (1830) Disguised as “help” for Natives Natives were being “bullied” for their land Jackson wanted to provide safety through relocation Resistance from various Native tribes

2nd Seminole War (FL) http://www.uswars.net/second-seminole-war/

Worcester vs GA (1832) Cherokees decided to fight through the courts John Marshall - Ruled in favor of Natives Unfortunately ……No federal protection GA and the settlers seized land anyway with the “permission” from Jackson Result - Cherokees forced to sign a treaty

Trail of Tears……… (1838) In return for $ & land in Indian Territory, they granted GA land to settlers Had to leave within 3 years 18,000 Cherokees started then 4,000 died along the Trail

Nullification Crisis Tariffs (1828 & 1832) established to protect US manufacturing as they grew

Tariff of 1828 – doubled rated in 1816 Southern planters – upset Make British goods = expensive Relied on these British might not buy as much cotton

Calhoun, Webster and Clay

Calhoun Declared this could cause the threat to “secede” Talked about states’ rights to declare an act unconstitutional

argued only Supreme Court had power to declare acts unconstitutional Webster argued only Supreme Court had power to declare acts unconstitutional

Clay Introduced a ………… Compromise tariff (Tariff of1832) Reduced tariff but not enough

“Tariffs of Abomination” Nov 1832 SC & Calhoun declared null & void  

Force Bill (1833) Jackson fought back with threats This bill authorized Jackson to use whatever “force” necessary to execute laws Nullified SC nullification of Tariffs (1828 & 1832)

Another Compromise is necessary……. Clay – another compromise tariff (1833) Lowered rates over a 10 year period SC – accepted this compromise

Bank Wars Jackson = personal war with the National Bank (Bank of the US) Saw it as a danger Strict lending policies seen as unnecessary and a hindrance Became campaign issue in Election 1832

Bad move for the Compromiser……….. Charter = expired in 1836 Clay pushed for earlier charter in 1832 Jackson vetoed it Clay lost Election (1836) and the National Bank (Bank of the US) because the earlier charter vetoed and never renewed

End of an Era, a program, an economy…… End of the National Bank (Bank of the US) Jackson stopped depositing federal money in the National Bank Jackson deposited the federal money in “pet banks” chosen for their support of the Democratic Party.

The Bank is “dead”….. Nicholas Biddle (President of the National Bank) – held onto power within the Bank for a short time but could not hold on forever…..

Let the Banks control themselves…… “Pet Banks” became “Wildcat Banks” Why?.......

Issued own bank notes Exceeded the amount backed in silver/gold (specie) Money circulation = doubled between 1830- 1837 Easier lending policies/procedures Speculators had control of most of the money

CAUSED……… Land price to increase & inflation

Specie Circular July 1836 Jackson saw that the banks were “out of control” He needed to “fix” this situation……… Land could only be purchased with silver and gold. No longer would bank notes be accepted

Panic 1837 Land sales decreased greatly Banks closed down Economy went into a downward tailspin…….. Our 2nd “depression” of our history The blame………put on the next President (Jackson’s VP) Martin Van Buren