VALUES, ATTITUDE, & EMOTIONS BASIC PRINCIPLES OF HUMAN BEHAVIOUR VALUES, ATTITUDE, & EMOTIONS JEMIMA ARTHUR Values , Attitude & Emotions

Values , Attitude & Emotions A value is a conception, explicit or implicit, defining what an individual or a group regards as desirable. Values play an important role in the decision making process Values , Attitude & Emotions

Values , Attitude & Emotions People are not born with values; rather they acquire and develop them early in life. Parents, teachers, relatives and others influence an individual values. As a result, every manager and every employee brings a certain set of values to the workplace. Values , Attitude & Emotions

Values , Attitude & Emotions A person’s values have an impact on the selection of performance measures, alternatives, and choice criteria in the decision process. Differences in values often account for the use of different performance measures. Differences in values may also generate different alternatives. A viable alternative to one person may be unacceptable to another because of differences in values. Values , Attitude & Emotions

Values , Attitude & Emotions Types of values Personal values: These are considered essential principles on which we build our life and guide us to relate with other people. They are usually a blend of family values and socio-cultural values, together with our own individual ones according to our experiences. Values , Attitude & Emotions

Values , Attitude & Emotions Family values: These are values in a family and are considered either good or bad. These are from the fundamental beliefs of our parents, who use them to educate us. Socio- cultural values These are the prevailing values of our society, which change with time and either coincide with family or personal values Values , Attitude & Emotions

Values , Attitude & Emotions Materials values: These values allow us to survive and are related to our basic needs as human beings, such as food, clothing and protection from the environment. Values , Attitude & Emotions

Values , Attitude & Emotions Spiritual values: They refer to the importance we give to non-material aspects in our lives. They are part of our human needs and allow us to feel fulfilled. They add meaning and establish foundation to our lives. Moral values: The attitudes and behaviours that society considers essential for coexistence, order and general wellbeing. Values , Attitude & Emotions

Values , Attitude & Emotions 2. ATTITUDES: Different people have different attitudes towards the same object. A person’s attitude towards an object depends on the persons perception (knowledge) of the object Values , Attitude & Emotions

Values , Attitude & Emotions ATTITUDES As knowledge of an object increases , a person’s attitude towards an object moves in two directions: positive and negative directions. negative positive Values , Attitude & Emotions

Values , Attitude & Emotions ATTITUDES Knowledge in the positive direction produces affection and attraction. Knowledge in the negative direction produces hatred and repulsion Values , Attitude & Emotions

Components of Attitude Affective Component of Attitude This refers to affection[love] or dislike [hatred] towards an object as result of first impression. Cognitive Component of Attitude: This refers to opinion of, or belief in an object as a result of knowledge gained of the subject over a period of time. Values , Attitude & Emotions

Values , Attitude & Emotions Formation of Attitude Attitudes are the outward manifestation of your inner values and beliefs. These develop over time. As you grow you watch the significant people around you behaving in a particular way; you are told to cherish certain things, you learn from your teachers and peers thus forming your value system Values , Attitude & Emotions

Values , Attitude & Emotions Functions of Attitude The Adjustment Function. Attitudes help people to adjust to their work environment. Well-treated employees tend to develop a positive attitude towards their jobs, management and the organization in general. Berated and ill treated organizational members develop a negative attitude. Values , Attitude & Emotions

Values , Attitude & Emotions Emotions are reactions to an object. (not a trait). They are object-specific. Emotions include anger, joy, fear, sorrow, disgust or panic. Values , Attitude & Emotions

Values , Attitude & Emotions Types of Emotions Felt Emotions They are an individual’s internally generated and actual emotions Displayed Emotions They are those emotions that are organizationally- required and considered appropriate in a given Job situation. They are not innate; they are learnt. Values , Attitude & Emotions

Can People be emotionless? Some people seem outwardly calm or apathetic in situations in which others are clearly emotionally. These people have severe difficulty in expressing their emotions and understanding the emotions of others. Psychologists call this alexithymia ( greek word for “lack of emotion”). People who suffer from alexithymia rarely cry and are often seen by others as bland and cold. Values , Attitude & Emotions

Implications for managers Are people who suffer from alexithymia poor work performers? People who lack emotion need to be in jobs that require little emotion. These people are not suited to managerial and sales/customer service positions. But they might very well be effective performers in other jobs. Values , Attitude & Emotions

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