Evaluation of antimicrobial properties and their substances against pathogenic bacteria in-vitro by probiotic Lactobacilli strains isolated from commercial.

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Evaluation of antimicrobial properties and their substances against pathogenic bacteria in-vitro by probiotic Lactobacilli strains isolated from commercial yoghurt  C. Prabhurajeshwar, Kelmani Chandrakanth  Clinical Nutrition Experimental  Volume 23, Pages 97-115 (February 2019) DOI: 10.1016/j.yclnex.2018.10.001 Copyright © 2018 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Clinical Nutrition Experimental 2019 23, 97-115DOI: (10.1016/j.yclnex.2018.10.001) Copyright © 2018 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Single screened colonies on MRS media. Clinical Nutrition Experimental 2019 23, 97-115DOI: (10.1016/j.yclnex.2018.10.001) Copyright © 2018 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Microscopic observation of Gram's stained Lactobacillus spp. Clinical Nutrition Experimental 2019 23, 97-115DOI: (10.1016/j.yclnex.2018.10.001) Copyright © 2018 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 Optimal growth and pH of isolated Lactobacillus isolates from yoghurt samples. Clinical Nutrition Experimental 2019 23, 97-115DOI: (10.1016/j.yclnex.2018.10.001) Copyright © 2018 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 Bile acid tolerance of Lactobacillus isolates from yoghurt samples. Clinical Nutrition Experimental 2019 23, 97-115DOI: (10.1016/j.yclnex.2018.10.001) Copyright © 2018 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Fig. 5 NaCl tolerance of Lactobacillus isolates from yoghurt samples. Clinical Nutrition Experimental 2019 23, 97-115DOI: (10.1016/j.yclnex.2018.10.001) Copyright © 2018 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Fig. 6 Phylogenetic tree based on neighbour-joining method of 16S rRNA gene sequencing of Lactobacillus isolate. Clinical Nutrition Experimental 2019 23, 97-115DOI: (10.1016/j.yclnex.2018.10.001) Copyright © 2018 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Fig. 7 Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Lactobacillus isolates. Clinical Nutrition Experimental 2019 23, 97-115DOI: (10.1016/j.yclnex.2018.10.001) Copyright © 2018 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Fig. 8 Antagonistic activity of Lactobacillus isolates against test pathogens. A. Gram-positive, B. Gram-negative. Clinical Nutrition Experimental 2019 23, 97-115DOI: (10.1016/j.yclnex.2018.10.001) Copyright © 2018 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Fig. 9 Antagonistic activity of Lactobacillus isolates from yoghurt samples against test pathogens. Clinical Nutrition Experimental 2019 23, 97-115DOI: (10.1016/j.yclnex.2018.10.001) Copyright © 2018 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Fig. 10 Antimicrobial activity of Lactobacillus (CFCS) inhibitory substances against test pathogen. A. Bacteriocin, B. Organic acid. Clinical Nutrition Experimental 2019 23, 97-115DOI: (10.1016/j.yclnex.2018.10.001) Copyright © 2018 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Fig. 11 Time kill assay of Lactobacillus (CFCS) isolate against test pathogen. A. Reduction in pathogen colonies, B. Complete killing of pathogen colonies, C. Control. Clinical Nutrition Experimental 2019 23, 97-115DOI: (10.1016/j.yclnex.2018.10.001) Copyright © 2018 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Fig. 12 Scanning Electron Microscopy images. [A] Control, [B] Pathogen treated with Lactobacillus isolate (CFCS). Clinical Nutrition Experimental 2019 23, 97-115DOI: (10.1016/j.yclnex.2018.10.001) Copyright © 2018 The Authors Terms and Conditions