Volume 81, Issue 7, Pages (April 2012)

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Volume 81, Issue 7, Pages 674-683 (April 2012) The impact of renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitors on Type 1 and Type 2 diabetic patients with and without early diabetic nephropathy Jennifer A. Hirst, Kathryn S. Taylor, Richard J. Stevens, Claire L. Blacklock, Nia W. Roberts, Christopher W. Pugh, Andrew J. Farmer Kidney International Volume 81, Issue 7, Pages 674-683 (April 2012) DOI: 10.1038/ki.2011.413 Copyright © 2012 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Flow chart of the literature search. ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; RCT, randomized controlled trial. Kidney International 2012 81, 674-683DOI: (10.1038/ki.2011.413) Copyright © 2012 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Ratio of mean urinary albumin excretion at the end of trials of renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitor treatment vs. comparator (boxes) and pooled estimates across trials (diamonds) calculated by the fixed-effects inverse variance (I–V) method and by the DerSimonian and Laird random-effects (D+L) method, in patients with (a, left) Type 1 and (b, right) Type 2 diabetes, stratified by baseline urine albumin status. Horizontal bars and diamond widths denote 95% confidence intervals (CI), and box sizes indicate relative weight in the I–V analysis. ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; ccb, calcium channel blocker; nt, no treatment. Kidney International 2012 81, 674-683DOI: (10.1038/ki.2011.413) Copyright © 2012 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Relative risk (RR) of progression and regression of albuminuria during trials of renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitor treatment vs. comparator (boxes) and pooled estimates across trials (diamonds) calculated by the fixed-effects Mantel-Haenszel (M-H) method and by the DerSimonian and Laird random-effects (D+L) method, in patients with (a, left) Type 1 and (b, right) Type 2 diabetes, stratified by baseline urine albumin status. Horizontal bars and diamond widths denote 95% confidence intervals (CI), and box sizes indicate relative weight in the M-H analysis. (a) Type 1 diabetes: progression from normoalbuminuria to microalbuminuria (top); progression from microalbuminuria to macroalbuminuria (middle); and regression from microalbuminuria to normoalbuminuria (bottom). (b) Type 2 diabetes: progression from normoalbuminuria to microalbuminuria (top); progression from microalbuminuria to macroalbuminuria (middle); and regression from microalbuminuria to normoalbuminuria (bottom). Kidney International 2012 81, 674-683DOI: (10.1038/ki.2011.413) Copyright © 2012 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 Relative risk (RR) of all-cause mortality during trials of renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitor treatment vs. comparator (boxes) and pooled estimates across trials (diamonds) calculated by the fixed-effects Mantel-Haenszel (M-H) method in patients with (a, left) Type 1 and (b, right) Type 2 diabetes, stratified by baseline urine albumin status. Horizontal bars and diamond widths denote 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and box sizes indicate relative weight in the M-H analysis. (a) Type 1 diabetes: normoalbuminuria (top) and microalbuminuria (bottom). (b) Type 2 diabetes: normoalbuminuria (top) and microalbuminuria (bottom). Kidney International 2012 81, 674-683DOI: (10.1038/ki.2011.413) Copyright © 2012 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions