SHAYS' REBELLION AND THE NORTHWEST TERRITORY

The United States gained a huge new area after the Revolutionary War ******The next 26 slides are historical events after the revolution that influenced the the delegates to come up with a new Constitution for a growing country. The United States gained a huge new area after the Revolutionary War Now had to decide how to divide it up into existing states or new ones

NORTHWESTERRITORY

The Northwest Territory was surveyed into organized sections a TOWNSHIP was a 36 square mile area

TOWNSHIP 6 miles 6 miles

1 TOWNSHIP = 36 SQUARE MILES Section #16 was usually reserved for the public school of the township

The _____________________________ (1787) described how the Northwest Territory was to be governed. As the territory grew in population, it would gain the rights to self-government. When there were ______ free males in an area, men who owned at least _______ acres of land could elect an assembly. When they were _________ people, they could apply to become a new state. NORTHWEST ORDINANCE 5,000 50 60,000

NORTHWEST TERRITORY

Minnesota Michigan Wisconsin Ohio Illinois Indiana

The organization of the Northwest Territory was important because it created an orderly plan to settle a new area of the United States

SHAYS' REBELLION WHEN: January of 1787

SHAYS' REBELLION WHERE: Massachusetts

SHAYS' REBELLION WHY: Farmers were upset about high taxes – if could not pay taxes they were put in jail

Every state was having economic trouble in the mid 1780’s An average family paid $200 a year in taxes – more than most people made in a year

DANIEL SHAYS leads a rebellion of about 1,500 men, mostly farmers They are upset about paying high taxes and they want debt relief from the government

Government does not help them They gather and march on a federal arsenal – a storage place for weapons

About 900 state militia men stop the uprising The general public sides with the farmers Very close to having chaos because of taxes

SHAYS’ REBELLION

The uprising is stopped Shays is pardoned years later SHAYS' REBELLION RESULT: The uprising is stopped Shays is pardoned years later

SHAYS' REBELLION LASTING EFFECT: America realizes they need a stronger national government if they are to survive as a country.

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CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION DELEGATES TO THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION

Government officials realized after Shays’ Rebellion that a change was needed A convention of representatives from each state were called to Philadelphia in 1787

STATEHOUSE IN PHILADELPHIA SITE OF THE CONVENTION

INSIDE OF STATEHOUSE (TODAY) SITE OF THE CONVENTION

There were 74 men asked to come to Philadelphia but only 55 delegates arrived in Philadelphia

CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION

The average age of a delegate was 44 years old

BEN FRANKLIN (Pennsylvania) was the oldest at age 81 JONATHAN DAYTON (New Jersey) was the youngest at age 26

POLITICAL EXPERIENCE: Most had some experience as politicians in their home states

40 of the delegates had been members of the Continental Congress

PROFESSION: 34 of the 55 were lawyers Also included soldiers, planters, educators, ministers, physicians, financiers, and merchants

Most were very wealthy and many owned slaves ECONOMIC STATUS: Most were very wealthy and many owned slaves

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CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION

A total of 12 states sent delegates to the convention Rhode Island is the only state that refused to send any delegates

Delegates had to make a choice: Fix the Articles of Confederation 2) Write a new form of government

The delegates decided to write a new plan of government Challenge was to create a strong national government but one that was not overpowering

The Constitutional Convention was held in the summer of _________ in the city of _________________. 1787 PHILADELPHIA

CONSTITUTION HALL - PHILADELPHIA

NATIONAL ARCHIVES – WASHINGTON DC HOME OF THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION TODAY

There were ____ delegates at the Constitutional Convention. 55

JAMES MADISON _________________ read more than 100 books in preparation for the convention.

______________________ and _______________ were not at the convention because they were overseas at the time. THOMAS JEFFERSON JOHN ADAMS

__________________ refused to attend the convention because he “smelled a rat” leading toward monarchy. PATRICK HENRY

__________________________ came out of retirement for the convention. GEORGE WASHINGTON

________________ was a famous scientist and statesman, gave wit and wisdom to the convention. BEN FRANKLIN

JAMES MADISON _________________ is known as the “Father of the Constitution” and took detailed notes.

______________________________ was chosen as president of the convention. GEORGE WASHINGTON

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FEDERALISTS VS ANTI-FEDERALISTS

Once the Constitution is written it must go to the states for their approval People will be able to vote for or against the Constitution

FEDERALISM – a system of government in which power is shared between the states and the national government

Two groups begin to develop: 1) FEDERALISTS – want the Constitution to pass as is YES!!

2) ANTI-FEDERALISTS – do NOT want the Constitution to pass as is

FEDERALISTS The Constitution is awesome! I think everyone should rush out and vote for it!

FEDERALISTS 1) Supported taking some powers from the states and giving them to the national government

2) Wanted to divide powers among the different branches of government FEDERALISTS 2) Wanted to divide powers among the different branches of government EXECUTIVE JUDICIAL LEGISLATIVE

3) Wanted a single person to lead the executive branch FEDERALISTS 3) Wanted a single person to lead the executive branch

ANTI-FEDERALISTS The Constitution is not worth the paper it is printed on! Where is the Bill of Rights?

1) Wanted the states to keep the most important powers ANTI-FEDERALISTS 1) Wanted the states to keep the most important powers

EXECUTIVE (PRESIDENT) ANTI-FEDERALISTS 2) Wanted the legislative branch to have more power than the executive branch EXECUTIVE (PRESIDENT) LEGISLATIVE (CONGRESS)

ANTI-FEDERALISTS 3) Feared a single person in the executive branch might become a king or tyrant

ANTI-FEDERALISTS 4) Believed a Bill of Rights need to be added to the Constitution to protect people’s rights

Both sides published their viewpoints in newspapers, pamphlets, etc.

THE FEDERALIST PAPERS – a series of essays which supported the Federalists viewpoint (wanted the Constitution to pass)

The Federalists Papers were written by such men as James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay

Federalists had an advantage because most newspapers supported their cause

By June of 1788 a total of 9 states had ratified (passed) the Constitution 9 states were required to officially make it the legal form of government

Two very important states though, Virginia and New York, had not yet passed it and were needed

Two important Virginians, GEORGE MASON and PATRICK HENRY were against the Constitution

Virginia finally passes it once they are convinced it will soon add a Bill of Rights

New York passes it once they hear Virginia had Rhode Island is the last state to officially ratify it in 1790

BILL OF RIGHTS – the first ten amendments to the Constitution Insures personal rights to each U.S. citizen

COMPROMISES

COMPROMISE noun - a settlement of differences in which each side makes concessions (gives in a little) to come to a result which solves a problem

1. GREAT COMPROMISE 2. 3/5 COMPROMISE 3. TRADE COMPROMISE 3 MAJOR COMPROMISES: 1. GREAT COMPROMISE 2. 3/5 COMPROMISE 3. TRADE COMPROMISE

Major debate was over how to set up the legislative branch of government

It becomes a battle between smaller states and the ones with larger populations VS

Several states submit plans for the type of legislature they want

1) The legislative branch would have two houses VIRGINIA PLAN 1) The legislative branch would have two houses 2) Both houses would assign representatives based on wealth/population

1) The legislature would have one house NEW JERSEY PLAN 1) The legislature would have one house 2) Each state would have only one vote in the legislature

THE GREAT COMPROMISE

The legislature would have two houses GREAT COMPROMISE The legislature would have two houses

SENATE – number of representatives for each state are equal GREAT COMPROMISE SENATE – number of representatives for each state are equal = 2 senators = 2 senators

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES - based on population GREAT COMPROMISE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES - based on population = 1 representative (493,000 people) = 52 representatives (38,800,000 people)

CONGRESS SENATE (100) HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES (435) EVERY STATE HAS EQUAL NUMBER HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES (435) BASED ON POPULATION SO NOT EQUAL FOR EVERY STATE

TOTAL NUMBER OF REPRESENTATIVES IN CONGRESS FROM EACH STATE

THE GREAT COMPRISE VIRGINIA PLAN NEW JERSEY PLAN 2 houses for legislature 2) NUMBER of people in congress set by wealth and population SENATE Number of people BASED ON EQUALITY = EACH STATE HAS SAME NUMBER GREAT COMPROMISE THE LEGISLATURE WILL HAVE 2 HOUSES NEW JERSEY PLAN 1) 1 house for legislature 2) Each state would have only one vote in the legislature Number of people BASED ON populations HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Unit 5 – Creating a Government – Page 4 of 10

Next major issue to be decided is slavery and if slaves should be counted as population

3/5 COMPROMISE

WHAT IS THE PROBLEM: should slaves be counted as population for taxes and/or to determine representatives in the legislature

NORTH WANTS: Northern states want slaves to not be counted to determine representatives but to be counted for taxes X

SOUTH WANTS: X Southern states want slaves to be counted to determine representatives but not for taxes

Compromise made was count slaves as 3/5 of a person THE 3/5 COMPROMISE: Compromise made was count slaves as 3/5 of a person This is used for taxes and to set up the number of reps in Congress

Northern states agree to do nothing about slave trade until 1808 Southern states agree to allow national government to regulate trade

No state gets everything they wanted but they wrote a constitution they thought would work overall

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ELECTORAL COLLEGE

When you vote for the President you are actually voting for an ELECTOR to vote for you Each state has a determined number of electors

A state’s number of electors is the total number of Senators and Representatives in the House MISSOURI 2 senators 9 representatives Total 11 electors

There are a total of 538 electoral votes (the District of Columbia is not a state but is given 3 electoral votes)

48 out of the 50 states have a “winner takes all” method If you get the most votes in that state you get ALL of their electoral college votes

2 states are different and can divide up their votes based on congressional district - Nebraska and Maine

A candidate must have 270 electoral votes to win the Presidential election

If no single candidate gets the required 270 electoral votes then the House of Representatives votes to decide the President

It is possible to get more votes overall in the election from the entire country and NOT be elected President Happened in 2000 with Gore vs Bush

Total Votes in 2000 Election: Bush 50,461,092 total votes (47.9%) 271 Electoral Votes Gore 50,994,086 total votes (48.4%) 266 Electoral Votes Nader 2,882,728 total votes (2.7%) 0 Electoral College Votes

2000 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION

1984 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION

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7 PRINCIPLES OF THE CONSTITUTION

The framers used building blocks upon which to write the foundation of the Constitution

POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY 1 A government in which the people rule

2 REPUBLICANISM A government in which the people vote for their political representatives

3 FEDERALISM A system of government in which the states and national government share powers =

SEPARATION OF POWERS 4 The government is divided into three branches: executive, judicial and legislative

CHECKS AND BALANCES 5 Each branch has certain controls over the other branches

LIMITED GOVERNMENT 6 Everyone in the government must follow the same rules – from average person to the President

INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS 7 Guarantees certain personal liberties and privileges to everyone

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