From Prehistory to Civilizations Dr. Afxendiou Sachem North High School

200,000 years ago – Homo erectus appears in Africa hunters and gatherers left Africa to populate Europe and Asia

10,000 years ago – Homo sapiens

Changes from homo erectus to homo sapiens… language more complex stone tools cave art expanded habitats - migrated into the Americas

By 1,000 B.C.E. – huge changes become entrenched

So, what happened to get from… HERE? HERE So, what happened to get from…

Domestication of plants and animals was a monumental change. It was the DOMESTICATION of… and plants animals Domestication of plants and animals was a monumental change. It resulted in the new ways of living we know as FARMING or AGRICULTURE And PASTORALISM (herding sheep, goats, cattle, horses, and camels) This led to the development of… FARMING COMMUNITIES

POPULATION GROWTH Because farming let people grow a lot of food, it led to In some places farmers were able to produce SURPLUS food. What does SURPLUS FOOD PRODUCTION mean for a society?

SURPLUS FOOD PRODUCTION… …means that not everyone has to grow food or tend animals. They can take on other tasks. They can specialize in some non-farming task. This is called… Job Specialization. Men and women may become: Weavers Potters Priests Scribes Traders Warriors

STEPS LEADING TO THE RISE OF CIVILIZATION Domestication of Plants and Animals Farming Surplus Food Job Specialization Population Growth Complex Society, also known as CIVILIZATION

There are EIGHT features of civilization: 1) Cities Mohenjo Daro Pharaohs 2) Central governments And Law codes Hammurabi’s Law Code

4) Highly organized religions 3) Writing and record keeping 4) Highly organized religions 5) Specialized Jobs Full-time monk

6) Hierarchy of Social Classes Assyrian slaves In Egypt 6) Hierarchy of Social Classes Pyramids of Ancient Egypt Art of Ancient Babylon 7) Arts and Architecture

8) Public Works The protective walls of a city in the Indus River Valley

Remember: GO ROLLER SKATING WITH CHAP G – strong central government R – organized religion S – job specialization W – writing and record keeping C – Cities H – social hierarchy (social classes) A – Arts and Architecture P – Public Works

Is this an image of a civilization? Support your answer with evidence.