Ch Classification of Matter

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Presentation transcript:

Ch. 18 - Classification of Matter I. Describing Matter Physical Property Physical Change Chemical Change Chemical Property

A. Physical Property A characteristic of a substance that can be observed without changing its identity. can be used to separate mixtures EX: magnetism, density

B. Physical Change A change in the form of a substance without changing its identity. properties remain the same reversible can be used to separate mixtures EX: dissolving, grinding

C. Chemical Change A change in the identity of a substance. properties change irreversible Signs: color change, formation of a gas/solid, release of light/heat EX: burning, rusting

D. Chemical Property A characteristic that indicates whether a substance can undergo a specific chemical change. EX: flammability, reactivity

Ch. 18 - Classification of Matter II. Composition of Matter Matter Flowchart Pure Substances Mixtures

Can it be separated by physical means? A. Matter Flowchart See lecture handout. MATTER yes no Can it be separated by physical means? MIXTURE PURE SUBSTANCE Is the composition uniform? no yes Can it be decomposed by chemical means? no yes Homogeneous Mixture (solution) Heterogeneous Mixture Compound Element

B. Pure Substances Element matter composed of identical atoms EX: copper

B. Pure Substances Compound matter composed of 2 or more elements in a fixed ratio properties differ from those of individual elements EX: salt (NaCl)

Use the remaining info to fill in the table on the lecture handout. C. Mixtures Variable combination of 2 or more pure substances. Use the remaining info to fill in the table on the lecture handout. Homogeneous Mixture (Solution) even distribution of components very small particles particles never settle EX: saline solution

C. Mixtures Heterogeneous Mixture uneven distribution of components colloids and suspensions EX: granite

C. Mixtures Colloid medium-sized particles Tyndall effect - particles scatter light (looks cloudy) particles never settle EX: milk

C. Mixtures Suspension large particles particles scatter light particles will settle (needs to be shaken) EX: fresh-squeezed lemonade