Space Environment hostile unforgiving Vacuum (temperature extremes) Radiation Micro-gravity (physiological) Isolation (psychological) Micro-Meteoroids (impact damage)

Getting There Rockets and Spacecraft Dangerous Substances Slim Margin for Error High Speed Human Error Combinations

http://mix.msfc.nasa.gov/ABSTRACTS/MSFC-00334.html Shepard Lifts Off MIX #: 6414825 NIX #: MSFC-00334 Date of Image: 5-May-61 Category: Rockets Full Description: Astronaut Alan B, Shepard, Jr. lifts off in the Freedom-7 Mercury spacecraft on May 5, 1961. This third flight of the Mercury-Redstone (MR-3) vehicle, developed by Dr. Wernher von Braun and the rocket team in Huntsville, Alabama, was the first manned space mission for the United States. During the 15-minute suborbital flight, Shepard reached an altitude of 115 miles and traveled 302 miles downrange. (MRPO) MRD/SPD Discipline(s): n/a (MRPO) Subject Type: Keywords: History, Rockets, Freedom-7 MSFC Negative Number: Reference Number: 0020H Name of Image:

http://images.jsc.nasa.gov/images/pao/GT4/10074017.htm NASA Photo ID: S65-30427 File Name: 10074017.jpg Film Type: 4x5 Date Taken: 06/09/65 Title: Astronaut Edward White during first EVA performed during Gemini 4 flight Description: Astronaut Edward H. White II, pilot for the Gemini-Titan 4 space flight, floats in zero gravity of space. The extravehicular activity was performed during the third revolution of the Gemini 4 spacecraft. White is attached to the spacecraft by a 25-ft. umbilical line and a 23-ft. tether line, both wrapped in gold tape to form one cord. In his right hand White carries a Hand-Held Self-Maneuvering Unit (HHSMU). The visor of his helmet is gold plated to protect him from the unfiltered rays of the sun. Subject terms: ASTRONAUTS EXTRAVEHICULAR ACTIVITY GEMINI 4 FLIGHT GEMINI PROJECT GEMINI SPACECRAFT TETHERLINES ZERO GRAVITY

STS launch http://images.jsc.nasa.gov/images/pao/STS47/10064946.htm NASA Photo ID: STS047(S)039 File Name: 10064946.jpg Film Type: 35mm Date Taken: 09/20/92 Title: STS-47 Endeavour, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 105, liftoff from KSC Description: STS-47 Endeavour, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 105, atop its external tank (ET) and flanked by two solid rocket boosters (SRBs), is recorded in this low angle view as it heads for its second trip into space. From this angle, the space shuttle main engines (SSMEs) are clearly visible as well as the diamond shock effect produced during firing. Exhaust plumes trail from the SRB skirts. OV-105 is just about to begin its roll maneuver. Liftoff from Kennedy Space Center (KSC) Launch Complex (LC) 39 pad occurred at 10:23:00:0680 am (Eastern Daylight Time (EDT)). Subject terms: ENDEAVOUR (ORBITER) EXHAUST CLOUDS EXTERNAL TANKS FLORIDA KENNEDY SPACE CENTER LIFTOFF (LAUNCHING) SPACE SHUTTLE BOOSTERS SPACE SHUTTLE MAIN ENGINE STS-47

Hubble! http://grin.hq.nasa.gov/ABSTRACTS/GPN-2000-001066.html GRIN NASA Center: Johnson Space Center Image # : STS082-709-097 Date : 02/19/1997 Hubble Redeployment Full Description Attached to the "robot arm" the Hubble Space Telescope is unberthed and lifted up into the sunlight during this the second servicing mission designated HST SM-02. Keywords STS-82 Discovery Payload Bay Hubble Space Telescope HST Remote Manipulator System RMS Canada Arm Subject Category Space Shuttle, Hubble, Reference Numbers Center: JSC Center Number: STS082-709-097 GRIN DataBase Number: GPN-2000-001066

http://grin.hq.nasa.gov/ABSTRACTS/GPN-2000-001315.html NASA Center: Johnson Space Center Image # : STS071-S-072 Date : 07/04/1995 Atlantis Docked to Mir Full Description This view of the Space Shuttle Atlantis still connected to Russia's Mir Space Station was photographed by the Mir-19 crew on July 4, 1995. Cosmonauts Anatoliy Y. Solovyev and Nikolai M. Budarin, Mir-19 Commander and Flight Engineer, respectively, temporarily undocked the Soyuz spacecraft from the cluster of Mir elements to perform a brief fly-around. They took pictures while the STS-71 crew, with Mir-18's three crew members aboard, undocked Atlantis for the completion of this leg of the joint activities. Solovyev and Budarin had been taxied to the Mir Space Station by the STS-71 ascent trip of Atlantis. Keywords STS-71 Atlantis Russian Mir Space Station Atlantis Soyuz TM Transport Vehicle Anatoliy Solovyev Nikolai Budarin Subject Category Space Shuttle, Shuttle-Mir, Reference Numbers Center: JSC Center Number: STS071-S-072 GRIN DataBase Number: GPN-2000-001315 Source Information Creator/Photographer: Mir- Crew Original Source: DIGITAL

http://spaceflight. nasa http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/history/shuttle-mir/photos/sts89/esc/Flightday09/ Flightday 09 Low Resolution - 111.42k High Resolution - 598.65k STS089-E-5520 --- Mir backdropped over clouds, not long after separation from Space Shuttle Endeavour. Please note that this series of post-separation views is not posted here in chronological order because of the use of a second electronic still camera (ESC). Please note also that GMT times were not available for all images.

http://spaceflight. nasa http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/history/shuttle-mir/photos/sts89/esc/Flightday04/ Images Flightday 04 Low Resolution - 133.26k High Resolution - 848.45k STS089-E-5190 This Electronic Still Camera (ESC) image shows the Russian Mir Space Station's damaged solar array panel. The solar array panel was damaged as a result of an impact with an unmanned Progress re-supply ship which collided with the Mir on June 25, 1997, causing the Spektr Module to depressurize. This ESC view was taken on January 25, 1998 at 16:56:30 GMT.

http://spaceflight. nasa http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/gallery/images/shuttle/sts-97/html/s97e5088.html S97-E-5088 (9 December 2000) --- This is one of a series of digital still camera views showing the International Space Station (ISS) during a fly-around by the Space Shuttle Endeavour. The 240-foot-long, 38-foot-wide solar array (top) is the newest part and one of the most prominent components of the station. Onboard ISS for about 40 days at the time of this photo were astronaut William M. Shepherd and cosmonauts Yuri P. Gidzenko and Sergei K. Krikalev. Onboard the shuttle were STS-97 astronauts -- commander Brent W. Jett, Jr., pilot Mike Bloomfield and mission specialists Marc Garneau of the Canadian Space Agency (CSA), Carlos I. Noriega and Joseph R. Tanner.