Cell Types 1 General Biology 2006-2007
Cell Types 2 Basic Types of Cells Prokaryotic Eukaryotic Only bacteria Plant Animal General Biology 2006-2007
Two Types of Cells 1. Prokaryotic Cells: Very small, simple cells that lack a nucleus & membrane-bound organelles. 2. Eukaryotic Cells: Large, complex cells that contain a membrane-bound organelles & a nucleus General Biology 2006-2007
General Biology 2006-2007
Prokaryotic Cells Ancient cells were prokaryotes They have a cell wall surrounding their cell membrane. The only living example = bacteria General Biology 2006-2007
General Biology 2006-2007
Bacteria Song! General Biology 2006-2007
General Biology 2006-2007
Eukaryotic Cells The cytoplasm of eukaryotes contains specialized “tiny organs” called organelles Each organelle is a specialized compartment that carries out a special function in the cell. Many of these organelles are membrane-bound. General Biology 2006-2007
Eukaryotic Cell-Animal General Biology 2006-2007
Eukaryotic Cell-Plant General Biology 2006-2007
Organelles A eukaryotic cell is like a building with many rooms. Having organelles (rooms) allows special activities to be restricted to a particular space. This organization has many advantages over prokaryotic cells! General Biology 2006-2007
Organelles Organelles contribute to the specialization of eukaryotic cells. Each organelle stands ready to perform a special task. Specialized cells make eukaryotes capable of survival in complex environments. General Biology 2006-2007
Cells Perform Basic Life Functions Reproduction: Certain organelles (i.e. nucleus) help the cells prepare to divide Manufacture & Release of Energy: 2 types of organelles play an important role in food manufacturing and energy release; mitochondria and chloroplasts Maintain Homeostasis: Some organelles move supplies from one part of a eukaryotic cell to another; endoplasmic reticulum and golgi bodies. General Biology 2006-2007
Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes Prokaryotes Eukaryotes No nucleus -- Nucleus No membrane-bound -- Many membrane- organelles bound organelles Small in size -- Larger in size Simple -- Complex Evolved 3.5 billion -- Evolved 1.5 billion years ago years ago Only bacteria -- All other cells General Biology 2006-2007