Cell Theory & Microorganisms Study Guide Questions & Answers

Hans & Zacharias Janseen 1. Before the 16th Century, what 2 practices did doctors use to help with illnesses & diseases? Bloodletting & Leeches 2. Who invented the compound microscope? Hans & Zacharias Janseen 3. Tissues are a group of similar cells that all do the same sort of work.

4. What item did Robert Hooke look at, under a microscope, to discover cells? Cork 5. Many celled organisms are not just mixed up collections of different types of cells. 6. How many chromosomes are in a human cell? 46

7. What are the 5 levels of organization 7. What are the 5 levels of organization? Cells---˃ Tissues---˃ Organs---˃ Organ Systems---˃ Organisms 8. What are the 3 components of the CELL THEORY? 1-The cell is the most basic unit of life. 2-All living things or organisms are made of one or more cells. 3- All cells arise from pre-existing, living cells.

9. Why are cells organized 9. Why are cells organized? Cells are organized so they can work together. 10. What are organ systems? Organ systems are a group of organs working together to do a certain job. 11. Which scientist first discovered cells? Robert Hooke 12. From what organelle does a cell get its energy? And HOW? Mitochondria and through the process of energy production.

13. What does DNA stand for? Deoxyribonucleic Acid 14. Prokaryote cells are older, lack a true nucleus, smaller & unicellular. 15. Eukaryote cells are human, animal, plant, fungi, and protist cells; have a nucleus with special structures called organelles & are multicellular.

16. How are organisms categorized 16. How are organisms categorized? All organisms are categorized into one of two groups based on cell type. 17. Microorganism- Any organism too small to be viewed by the unaided eye. 18. Protozoa- Protozoans are simple organisms, or living things. Most protozoans are so tiny that they can be seen only with a microscope.

19. Bacteria- A very large group of microorganisms comprising one of the three domains of living organisms. They are prokaryotic, unicellular, and either free-living in soil or water or parasites of plants or animals. 20.Organelle- tiny specialized structures within a cell that perform cell functions.

21. Vacuole- Small fluid-filled sacs that store water, food and waste 22. Unicellular- made up of only one cell 23. Nucleus- It is the control center of the cell that is covered with a membrane

24. Cytoplasm- gel like substance that contains all of the organelles and provides the space for cell functions to occur 25. Mitochondria- produce much of the cells energy it needs to function 26. Multicellular- made up of many cells that are dependent on each other to perform essential functions

27.Chromosomes- thread like structure found in both plant & animal cells; are made of protein & contain one molecule of DNA 28. Chloroplast- An organelle that contains a pigment called chlorophyll 29. Cell wall- surrounds the cell membrane and provides support 30. Cell membrane- outer wall of a animal cell