The Effect of Pay for Performance in the Emergency Department on Patient Waiting Times and Quality of Care in Ontario, Canada: A Difference-in-Differences.

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The Effect of Pay for Performance in the Emergency Department on Patient Waiting Times and Quality of Care in Ontario, Canada: A Difference-in-Differences Analysis  Marian J. Vermeulen, MHSc, Therese A. Stukel, PhD, Andrew S. Boozary, MD, MPP, Astrid Guttmann, MDCM, MSc, Michael J. Schull, MD, MSc  Annals of Emergency Medicine  Volume 67, Issue 4, Pages 496-505.e7 (April 2016) DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2015.06.028 Copyright © 2015 American College of Emergency Physicians Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care ED wait time strategy. Annals of Emergency Medicine 2016 67, 496-505.e7DOI: (10.1016/j.annemergmed.2015.06.028) Copyright © 2015 American College of Emergency Physicians Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Change in ED length of stay before and after the Ontario Pay-for-Results program among program sites compared with control sites (difference-in-differences models). Adjusted for age/sex group, Canadian Triage and Acuity Scale group, participation in the government-funded Emergency Department Process Improvement Program (lean), participation in other lean-type interventions, participation in an Alternative Funding Arrangement plan, emergency department volume, teaching hospital, calendar month, individual emergency department. Annals of Emergency Medicine 2016 67, 496-505.e7DOI: (10.1016/j.annemergmed.2015.06.028) Copyright © 2015 American College of Emergency Physicians Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Change in ED length-of-stay targets and quality-of-care outcomes before and after the Ontario Pay-for-Results program among program sites compared with control sites (difference-in-differences models). Adjusted for age/sex group, Canadian Triage and Acuity Scale group, participation in the government-funded Emergency Department Process Improvement Program (lean), participation in other lean-type interventions, participation in an Alternative Funding Arrangement plan, emergency department volume, teaching hospital, calendar month, individual emergency department. Annals of Emergency Medicine 2016 67, 496-505.e7DOI: (10.1016/j.annemergmed.2015.06.028) Copyright © 2015 American College of Emergency Physicians Terms and Conditions