Scientific vs. Common Name Animal Kingdom Scientific vs. Common Name Porifera – Sponges Cnidarians – Coelenterates Mollusca – Mollusks Echinodermata – Echinoderms Platyhelminthes – Flatworms Nematoda – Roundworms Annelida - Segmented worms Arthopoda – Arthropods Chordata - Chordates

Phylums: Porifera (sponges) Cnidarian (hydra, jellyfish, sea anemones, coral) Mollusca (snails, octopus, squid, clam) Echinodermata (starfish, sea urchin, sea cucumber, sea lily) Invertebrates Platyhelminthes (flatworms) Nematoda (roundworms) Annelida (segmented worms) Arthopoda (insects, arachnids, myriapods, crustaceans) Chordata (fish, amphibians, reptiles, Vertebrates birds, mammals) (no backbone) (have backbone)

Sponges Characteristics: the simplest animal lack tissues are sessile, meaning they attach to a surface and remain there their entire life are asymmetrical; meaning irregular in shape

Sponge Skeletons: sponges have skeletons made of spicules (tiny needles made of silica or calcium), spongin (flexible protein fibers), or both

Cnidarians Characteristics: radial symmetry gastrovascular cavity hydrostatic skeleton have cnidocytes, stinging cells on their tentacles within each cnidocyte is a barbed harpoon called a nematocyst used for defense and to spear prey (some are toxic others just stun)

Two Body Forms medusa - are free floating, jellylike, and often umbrella – shaped polyp – forms are tubelike and are usually attached to a rock or some other object

Mollusks Characteristics: bilateral symmetry has a muscular region called a foot has a radula, tongue-like organ, except bivalves has a mantle, a heavy fold of tissue that forms the outer layer of the body, it secretes a shell

Three Classes of Mollusks: Bivalves – “two shells” ex: oysters, mussels, scallop, clam Gastropods – “one shell”, has a stomach foot ex: snails, slugs Cephalopods – most of their body is made of a “large head” attached to tentacles ex: squid, octopus, cuttle fish, nautilus,

Echinoderms Characteristics: spiny invertebrates radial symmetry (circular shape) many have 5 arms, a hole in the middle called a mouth, and an organ called a tube foot most can regenerate

Echinoderm Diversity: Sea Urchin Brittle Star Sea Star Sand Dollar Sea Cucumber Sea Lilly Feather Star Sea Daisy

Platyhelminthes (Flatworms) Characteristics: gastrovascular cavity bilateral symmetry has specialized organs such as nerve organs (eyespots) and reproductive organs

Habitats: planarian (free-living flatworms) live in the sea, in fresh water, or in moist areas such as under logs on land flukes are parasites and must live off another living animal or host during at least part of their life cycle tapeworms are parasites and live in the intestines of almost every kind of animal

Nematoda (Roundworm) Characteristics: Habitat: more complex than the flatworm have both a mouth and anus have muscles, nerves, excretory organs, and reproductive organs have tough cuticle or waxy outer covering Habitat: soil, marine and fresh-water mud many are parasites to plants and animals

Examples: Hookworm – lives in the soil and can bore through the feet Trichina – causes Trichinosis, a disease caused by improperly cooked pork containing young Trichina Filaria Worm – causes Elephantiasis, which is transmitted by a mosquito bite causing the feet and legs to swell

Annelida (Segmented Worms) Characteristics: most complex worm has a coelom (a space filled with fluid between the gut and skin have blood vessels has an excretory organ called the nephridium to get rid of liquid waste

Examples: bristleworms – most are marine, some live in tubes they build by sticking sand and pieces of shell together earthworms – burrow in the soil or live around water weeds leeches – live in fresh water, many are parasites which suck blood from their host

Arthopods Characteristics: jointed legs exoskeleton - it keeps the body from drying out but must be shed as the arthropod grows by a process called molting simple and/or compound eyes

Four Major Classes: Myriapods – centipedes and millipedes (over 100 legs) Insects – beetles, flies, grasshopper (3 pairs of legs) Arachnids – spiders, ticks, scorpions (4 pairs of legs) Crustaceans – lobsters, crab, shrimp, pillbugs (several pair of legs)

Crustaceans Characteristics: invertebrate exoskeleton jointed body and limbs most have stalks with eyes

Chordates (Vertebrates) Characteristics: have a backbone (vertebrate) endoskeleton eyes, nostrils, mouth usually 2 pair of limbs

Classes of Vertebrates: Agnatha (Jawless Fish) – lampreys, hagfish Chondrichthyes (Cartilage Fish) – sharks, rays Osteichthyes (Bony Fish) – perch, salmon Amphibians – frogs, toads, salamanders Reptiles – turtles, snakes, lizards Aves (Birds) – penguins, ducks, sparrows Mammals – bat, kangaroo, man