Types of Chemical Bonds

A chemical bond is A link between atoms due to the mutual attraction of their nuclei for electrons

There are 3 major types of chemical bonds: Ionic bond: typically between metals and nonmetals Covalent bond: typically between 2 nonmetals Metallic bond: between 2 metals

Ionic bond Electrostatic attraction that binds positive and negative ions In a purely ionic bond, one atom has given up one or more electrons to another atom

Ionic compound properties poor conductors as solids, but good conductors as liquids moderate to high melting points soluble in polar solvents (like water)

Covalent bond Results from the sharing of electrons between two atoms

Covalent compound properties insoluble in most solvents unable to conduct electricity low melting points at room temperature, are frequently liquid or gas as a solid, hard and brittle

Two types of covalent bonds: 1.Nonpolar-covalent bond: bonding electrons are shared equally by the bonded atoms; balanced distribution of electrical charge 2.Polar-covalent bond: unequal attraction for the shared electrons

Classification of bonds according to differences in electronegativity (attraction for electrons) > 1.7 ionic 1.7 - 0.4 polar covalent 0.3 - 0.0 nonpolar covalent

Example: What kind of bond will form between cesium and chlorine? Determine electronegativities Cl is 3.0 and Cs is 0.7 Subtract the lower electronegativity from the larger one 3.0 – 0.7 = 2.3 2.3 is > 1.7 then it is IONIC