2.1 Body Systems + Nutrients Chapter 2 notes

Characteristics of systems Made up of individualized parts that work together Connected to other systems If one part is missing or damaged, the system will not work well or at all

The 11 systems 1) Circulatory Transports blood, nutrients, gasses, and wastes 2) Digestive Takes in and breaks down food, absorbs nutrients, and eliminates wastes

The 11 Systems 3) Respiratory Controls breathing and exchanges gases in lungs and tissues 4) Excretory Removes liquid and gas wastes 5) Immune Defends the body against infections

The 11 systems 6) Endocrine Manufactures and releases hormones 7) Reproductive Organs for producing offspring 8) Integumentary Skin, hair, and nails provide a waterproof protective barrier

9) Skeletal Support, protects, and works with muscles to move the body  10) Muscular Works with bones to move body parts 11) Nervous Detects changes in the environment and signals changes to the body

4 Levels of organization cells  tissue organ  organ system  organism

4 tissue types Muscle – assists in body movement and helps organs function Nerve – transfers signals to tell the body how to respond 1. 2. 3. 4.

4 Tissue Types Connective – holds together and supports other tissue Epithelial – covers organs and body systems

nutrients Nutrients are substances the body requires for energy, growth, development, repair or maintenance 4 food groups: grains milk products fruit/veggies meat/alternatives

Nutrients Food pyramid – six groups of different sizes. Processed food is higher up so you should eat less of it

Types of nutrients Carbohydrates Simple sugars like glucose are needed by the mitochondria complex sugars are huge chains of simple sugars that are broken down before being used 

Types of nutrients Proteins build parts of your muscle, skin, hair and nails

Types of nutrients Fats build cell membranes and stored for future energy use Unsaturated fat is good - liquid from plants and fish Saturated fat is bad - solid from animals can lead to plaque (fatty material) build up in blood vessels

Types of nutrients Minerals and Vitamins Things that our body needs in small amounts Calcium helps with teeth and bone formation and muscle and nerve activity Vitamin D assists in absorbing calcium Fluorine helps with dental cavity reduction Iron is part of red blood cells that transport oxygen Sodium helps with nerve activity

Types of nutrients Magnesium helps with muscle and nerve activity and bone formation Phosphorus needed for teeth and bone formation, muscle and nerve activity Potassium for muscle and nerve activity Sulphur for hair, nail, and skin building

Types of nutrients Water Transports nutrients and wastes chemical reactions cooling the body

What do you think were the three big ideas from today’s lesson? Summary What do you think were the three big ideas from today’s lesson?