Tuberculosis in the African continent: A comprehensive review Delphi Chatterjee, Arun K. Pramanik  Pathophysiology  Volume 22, Issue 1, Pages 73-83 (March 2015) DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2014.12.005 Copyright © 2015 Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Tuberculosis Pathogenesis. M.tb resides in the lung, and is the site of origin of transmission via aerosols. Bacilli are expelled through cough from an active pulmonary TB patient and enter lung alveoli of others [3]. Pathophysiology 2015 22, 73-83DOI: (10.1016/j.pathophys.2014.12.005) Copyright © 2015 Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 General Map of Africa. The countries in Africa affected by HIV/TB can be visualized in Fig. 3. Pathophysiology 2015 22, 73-83DOI: (10.1016/j.pathophys.2014.12.005) Copyright © 2015 Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 Estimated TB mortality rates excluding TB deaths among HIV-positive people in 2013 (reproduced from WHO report [1]). Pathophysiology 2015 22, 73-83DOI: (10.1016/j.pathophys.2014.12.005) Copyright © 2015 Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 Population of South Africa is 53 million. A country identified with high TB, MDR-TB and HIV burden (from WHO report [1]). Pathophysiology 2015 22, 73-83DOI: (10.1016/j.pathophys.2014.12.005) Copyright © 2015 Terms and Conditions

Fig. 5 U.S. Government assisted Global TB Program Centers highlighted for year 2013 [2]. Pathophysiology 2015 22, 73-83DOI: (10.1016/j.pathophys.2014.12.005) Copyright © 2015 Terms and Conditions