Matter and Its Properties

Matter and Its Properties

Classification of Matter yes no Can it be physically separated? MIXTURE PURE SUBSTANCE Is the composition uniform? no yes Can it be chemically decomposed? no yes Homogeneous Mixture (solution) Heterogeneous Mixture Compound Element

What is matter? All matter has two properties in common: Volume-the amount of 3D space an object occupies Mass-a measure of the amount of matter present. Anything that has mass and takes up space is matter.

Pure Substances Element Compound Composed of identical atoms On the periodic table Examples-copper wire, aluminum foil Compound Composed of 2 or more elements in a fixed ratio Properties differ from those of individual elements Example-table salt (NaCl)

Mixtures Variable combination of 2 or more pure substances. Homogeneous- uniform composition AKA solutions Heterogeneous- not uniform composition

What type of matter is it? element hetero. mixture compound solution graphite (form of carbon) pepper sugar (sucrose) paint soda

Separation of mixtures -distillation -filtration -chromatography

Distillation

CHROMATOGRAPHY

FILTRATION

How can I separate matter? 1. Filtration 2. Distillation 3. Chromotagraphy

Changes of State Change of state-a physical change of a substance from one state to another Three common states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas. Any change of a substance between these state is a PHYSICAL change!

On a piece of paper of in your notes: Draw three beakers that have a gas, liquid, and solid in them. The molecules need to represent the properties of each (draw at a molecular level) You have 5 minutes

States of Matter Solids very low KE - particles vibrate but can’t move around fixed shape fixed volume

States of Matter Liquids low KE - particles can move around but are still close together variable shape fixed volume

States of Matter Gases high KE - particles can separate and move throughout container variable shape variable volume

Fourth State of Matter Plasma very high KE - particles collide with enough energy to break into charged particles (+/-) gas-like, variable shape & volume stars, fluorescent light bulbs

Properties and Changes in Matter Physical property-a characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance. Examples-melting & boiling points Physical change-a change in a substance that does not involve a change in the identity of the substance. Examples-grinding, cutting, and boiling

Properties and Changes in Matter Chemical property-characteristic that can be observed or measured THAT DOES change the identity of the substance. Examples-flammability, ability to rust Chemical change- change in a substance that DOES involve a change in the identity of the substance. Examples-cooking, rusting, and chemical reactions

Property or Change? Physical or Chemical? Property, chemical Change, chemical Property, physical Change, physical Examples: flammable burning of a log magnetic ice melting tarnishes in air melting point iron rusting grinding spices

Properties and Changes in Matter Intensive property-does not depend on the amount of matter present Ask, “If I double the amount of matter that I have, will this property change?” If the answer is no, then intensive property. Examples-color, boiling point, and density

Properties and Changes in Matter Extensive property-depends on the amount of matter that is present Ask, “If I double the amount of matter that I have, will this property change?” If yes, then the property is extensive. Examples-mass and volume

Extensive or Intensive? Examples: boiling point volume mass density conductivity intensive extensive

Below is a picture of the sunken titanic Below is a picture of the sunken titanic. On a clean sheet of paper, list SIX signs of chemical/physical changes and properties you see occurring or could occur. Also list any intensive or extensive properties that apply.