Golden Age Chinese Civilizations Rebuilding the Imperial Power in the Sui-Tang Era Tang Decline and the Rise of the Song Tang and Song Prosperity: The Basis of a Golden Age
11 26 Agenda Objective: Describe the SPICE of Tang and Song China Record HW – Read 13.1 and finish SPICE Notes for Tang and Song China Take 7 Mins to find as many SPICE details as you can. Tang and Song Notes
Grand Canal
What and When??????
China During the Age of Division The Fall of the Han led to a time of disunity and Warlords
China During the Era of Division, The Sui Dynasty, and the Tang Dynasty
Rebuilding the Imperial Edifice in the Sui-Tang Eras Sui Excesses and Collapse Reorganized Confucian education Scholar-gentry and examination system reestablished Used forced labor used to build Grand Canal, game parks forests Unsuccessful War with Korea and forced labor – led to Revolts
Grand Canal
What purpose does the Canal serve?
Sui Excesses and Collapse Canals built across empire Attacked Korea Grand palace
Rebuilding the Bureaucracy Unity New Capital Chang’an Aristocracy weakened Confucian ideology revised Scholar-gentry elite reestablished Bureaucracy Bureau of Censors
The Growing Importance of the Examination System Ministry of Rites Birth, connections important for office Think Mulan
Confucianism and Buddhism potential rivals Buddhism had been central Mahayana Buddhism popular in era of turmoil Chan (Zen) Buddhism common among elite
Early Tang support Buddhism Empress Wu (690-705) Endows monasteries Tried to make Buddhism the state religion 50,000 monasteries by c. 850
The Anti-Buddhist Backlash Confucians in administration Support taxation of Buddhist monasteries Loss of Labor - Monks could not be conscripted Persecution (841-847) Monasteries destroyed Lands redistributed Confucian emerges the central ideology
The Founding of the Song Dynasty 907, last Tang emperor resigns Song unable to defeat northern nomads Song pay tribute to Liao
China During the Song Dynasty Era
China During the Southern Song Dynasty Era
Song Politics: Settling for Partial Restoration Scholar-gentry patronized Given power over military ideal of the universal man qualities of scholar, poet, painter, and statesman Song intellectuals sought answers to all philosophical and political questions in the Confucian Classics.
The Revival of Confucian Thought Libraries established Old texts recovered Neo-Confucians Stress on personal morality Hostility to foreign ideas Gender, class, age distinctions reinforced
Song Decline: Attempts at Reform Khitan independence encourages others Song forced to pay tribute Disdain for military elite led to $ spent on social and cultural pursuits and not military attempt reform Irrigation projects, $ for mercenary forces, taxed scholars with regularity.
Tang and Song Prosperity: The Basis of a Golden Age Canal system Built to accommodate population shift Yangdi's Grand Canal Links North to South
A New Phase of Commercial Expansion Silk routes reopened Greater contact with Buddhist, Islamic regions Sea trade Developed by late Tang, Song Junks
A New Phase of Commercial Expansion Commerce expands Credit Deposit shops Flying money Urban growth Changan Tang capital 2 million
Family and Society in the Tang-Song Era Great continuity Marriage brokers(match makers) Elite women have broader opportunities Divorce widely available
The Neo-Confucian Assertion of Male Dominance Neo-Confucians reduce role of women Confinement Men allowed great freedom Men favored in inheritance, divorce Women not educated Foot binding
A Glorious Age: Invention and Artistic Creativity Influence over neighbors Economy stimulated by advances in farming, finance Explosives Used by Song for armaments Compasses, abacus Printing with moveable type
Flying Fire Crow Flying Fire Crow Gun powder
Porcelain (“China wear”) Spinning wheel Small Pox vaccine Porcelain (“China wear”)
Scholarly Refinement and Artistic Accomplishment Scholar-gentry key Change from Buddhist artists Secular scenes more common Nature a common theme in poetry, art
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