Chapter 2 Section 1 notes

The Foundations of democracy The rights, freedoms, and form of government that we enjoy as Americans did not begin with the United States Constitution in 1788. The origins of the American political system can be traced to ancient times

Society: Judaism: the Jewish religion Taught/ Description: Every person has worth and is equal before the law

Society: Greece Taught/Description: Created the first democracy Had a democracy All free men over 18 were considered citizens and could take part I the assembly

Society: Rome Taught/Descripition: Had a republic (a representative democracy) Government was put in the hands of a few people in the senate Members of the senate were chosen from Rome's wealthy upper class The senators elected two members called consuls to lead the government

Direct Democracy and Representative Democracies are similar in that they..are both democracies and ran by citizens   Representative Democracies and Direct Democracy are different in that..In a representative democracy citizens choose a smaller group to govern on their behalf and in a direct democracy people vote first hand

Early English influences The Magna Carta: English nobles forced King John to sign the Magna carta in 1215 Limited kings power Gave rights to free men Right to equal treatment under the law Trial by ones peers Nobles could rebel against king if he broke agreement

The Magna Carta is important because it established the principle of limited government. At first many rights protected by the Magna Carta applied only to nobles but over time they began to apply to all English people

Kings who came after John were advised by nobles and church officials. This group grew to include representatives of the common people By late 1300s, the advisers became a legislature called Parliament

More Events in England Parliament: Kings after John were advised by nobles and church officials. This group eventually included representatives of common people By the late 1300s they became a lawmaking body called Parliament King Charles I: Business owned by a group of Long merchants. They provided colonists with supplies and settlers for the colony. The owners hoped that het colony would make money for the company

More Events in England Petition of Right: 1625- Charles I dismissed Parliament and ruled alone. In 1628 he recalled members of Parliament and they forced hi to sign the petition of right. This petition limited the kings power After Math: Civil War broke out and Parliament removed the king and ruled without a monarch for about 20 years.

Glorious revolution In 1688 Parliament forced King James II from the throne. It asked James’s daughter Mary and her husband William to rule instead. This transfer of power was known as the Glorious Revolution First William and Mary had to accept rules set by Parliament

The English Bill of rights No imprisonment without due process No cruel punishment Freedom of speech in Parliament No taxation without Parliament’s consent People have the right to bear arms

Influence of the englightment The conflict between the monarch and Parliament produced new ideas about government The new ideas were part of a larger cultural movement in Europe known as the Enlightenment

Name Years Lived Beliefs Thomas Hobbes 1588-1679 People agree to be ruled because their ruler pledges to protect their rights John Locke 1632-1704 People have rights to life, liberty, and property that the government must protect for the common good Baron de Montesquieu 1689-1755 Separate the parts of government so one doesn’t become too powerful Voltaire 1694-1778 People have right to speak freely, and this right should be defended by everyone Jean-Jacques Rousseau 1712-1778 Legislative power belongs to the people

First colonial governments England founded colonies in America throughout the 1600s Colony: an area of settlement in one place that is controlled by a country in another place They brought with them a strong belief in their rights and representative government

jamestown First English settlement in N.A. Located in VA At first it was ruled by a governor and council 1619 colonists could make their own laws

House of burgesses assembly of elected officials in james town marked the beginning of self government I the colonies Marked the beginning of representative government in the colonies

The mayflower compact Soon after the House of Burgesses was formed, another group of English colonists arrived in America

Why did the Pilgrims draw up a compact? They needed a government What is a compact? A written agreement

What did they agree on in the Mayflower Compact? To choose leaders and work together to make their own laws for the colony Agreed to obey the laws

What kind of government did the signers of the Mayflower Compact establish? Direct democracy