Smooth muscle cells cultured from human saphenous vein exhibit increased proliferation, invasion, and mitogen-activated protein kinase activation in vitro.

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Smooth muscle cells cultured from human saphenous vein exhibit increased proliferation, invasion, and mitogen-activated protein kinase activation in vitro compared with paired internal mammary artery cells Neil A. Turner, PhD, Selina Ho, BSc, Philip Warburton, David J. O’Regan, MD, FRCS, Karen E. Porter, PhD Journal of Vascular Surgery Volume 45, Issue 5, Pages 1022-1028 (May 2007) DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2007.01.061 Copyright © 2007 The Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 Comparison of proliferation rates induced by fetal calf serum (FCS) and p44/42-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation in smooth muscle cells (SMCs) from the saphenous vein (SV) and internal mammary artery (IMA). A, Paired SV-SMCs and IMA-SMC were serum-starved before exposure to medium containing 10% FCS for 7 days. Cells were counted every 2 to 3 days to generate a proliferation profile (n = 6). Filled squares, SV-SMC; open circles, IMA-SMC. B, Mean areas under the proliferation curves (AUC) (arbitrary units) for SV and IMA cells from each patient. *P < .05, n = 6 (paired t-test). C, Whole cell homogenates from serum-starved cells were prepared and immunoblotted for phosphorylation (p-MAPK) and expression (MAPK) of p44/42-MAPK. A representative immunoblot is shown. D, Pooled densitometry data of relative phospho-MAPK levels in paired SV-SMCs and IMA-SMC from 10 patients. *P < .05 (paired ratio t test). Data are presented as means ± standard error of the mean. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2007 45, 1022-1028DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2007.01.061) Copyright © 2007 The Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 Comparison of growth factor-induced proliferation rates of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) from saphenous vein (SV) and internal mammary artery (IMA) Paired SV-SMCs (filled squares) and IMA-SMC (open circles) were serum-starved before exposure to medium containing either (A) 0.4% fetal calf serum (FCS) plus platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF); (B) 1% FCS plus PDGF; (C) 0.4% FCS plus basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF); or (D) 1% FCS plus bFGF. Cells were counted every 2 to 3 days to generate a proliferation profile (n = 6). Data are presented as means ± standard error of the mean. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2007 45, 1022-1028DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2007.01.061) Copyright © 2007 The Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 Comparison of invasion and migration rates of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) from saphenous vein (SV) and internal mammary artery (IMA). Paired SV-SMCs and IMA-SMC were serum-starved before performing invasion or migration assays towards a platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)/interleukin-1 (IL-1) or PDGF stimulus, respectively. A, Representative images of the underside of invasion membranes at the end of the experiment (scale bar = 40 μm). B, Quantification of the invasion rates of SV-SMCs and IMA-SMC. Open bars, Control (no chemotactic stimulus); filled bars, PDGF/IL-1 stimulus. **P < .01 for the effect of PDGF/IL-1. †† P < .01 for comparison of SV-SMCs and IMA-SMC (n = 5, paired t test). C, Quantification of the migration rates of SV-SMCs and IMA-SMC performed in parallel with the above invasion assays. Open bars, Control (no chemotactic stimulus); filled bars. PDGF stimulus. ***P < .001, *P < .05 for the effect of PDGF. NS, Not statistically significant for comparison of SV-SMCs and IMA-SMC (n = 5, paired t test). Data are presented as means ± standard error of the mean. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2007 45, 1022-1028DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2007.01.061) Copyright © 2007 The Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 4 Comparison of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 secretion from smooth muscle cells (SMCs) from saphenous vein (SV) and internal mammary artery (IMA). Invasion assay supernatants were analyzed for MMP-2 and MMP-9 secretion using gelatin zymography. A, C Representative zymograms of conditioned medium from invasion assays after control (C) or platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)/interleukin-1 (IL-1) treatment (P + I). Conditioned medium from HT-1080 cells was resolved as a positive control. B and D, Pooled MMP-2 and MMP-9 densitometry data expressed relative to PDGF/IL-1-treated SV-SMC. Open bars, Control (no chemotactic stimulus); filled bars, PDGF/IL-1 stimulus. NS, not statistically significant for comparison of SV-SMCs and IMA-SMC (n = 4, paired ratio t-test). Data presented as means ± standard error of the mean. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2007 45, 1022-1028DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2007.01.061) Copyright © 2007 The Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions