Vaccines and Microbicides Preventing HIV-1, HSV-2, and HPV Mucosal Transmission  Damjan S. Nikolic, Vincent Piguet  Journal of Investigative Dermatology  Volume 130, Issue 2, Pages 352-361 (February 2010) DOI: 10.1038/jid.2009.227 Copyright © 2010 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Vaccines against HIV-1/herpes simplex virus type 2/human papillomavirus. Overview of vaccinal strategies, including whole inactivated viruses, live attenuated viruses, synthetic peptides, recombinant subunits, DNA-based vaccines, and recombinant bacterial and viral vectors. Specific targets for each sexually transmitted infection are represented. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2010 130, 352-361DOI: (10.1038/jid.2009.227) Copyright © 2010 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Microbicides against HIV-1/herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2)/human papillomavirus (HPV). Microbicides for HIV-1 (left), HSV-2 (center), and HPV (right). Microbicides inhibiting STI transmission are active either on or directly beneath the mucosal surface. Nonspecific microbicides, such as detergents, usually act in the first steps of viral contact with the mucosal barrier. Specific compounds generally impair viral binding or entry into host cells. Finally, highly specific microbicides act at later stages, such as non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor–based microbicides against HIV-1. Alternative methods, such as RNA-interference-based microbicides against HSV-2, are also depicted. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2010 130, 352-361DOI: (10.1038/jid.2009.227) Copyright © 2010 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions