Lead for Project Managers Presented by Aurora Industrial Hygiene, Inc.

Overview Background Health Effects Definitions Regulations Procedures Important Numbers Useful Links

What is Lead Lead is an elemental metal Forms 0.06% of the earths crust Cannot be destroyed, only smaller Should not be in our bodies

Why was Lead Used Prevents Corrosion Kills mold and mildew Malleable Strong Blocks Radiation Blocks Sound Drying Agent

Problems Its a chronic and acute poison Contamination

Where is Lead Found? Quality Paint

Military uses Bridges and Steel Structures

Residences Interior Exterior Banned in 1978 Schools in 1984

Lead is Found in Gasoline Used over a period of 50 years 93% reduction from

Lead Is Found In…. Industrial Releases Soil Food Drinking Water Occupational Exposure

Heart and Blood System High blood pressure Increased risk of heart attack and stroke Anemia

Kidneys Filter the blood Not detectable Kidney failure

Central Nervous System Most affected Permanent Brain damage Damage to nerves

Bone Tissue Body Burden Released when the body is under stress Pregnancy Menopause Serious Illness

Reproductive Systems Male System –Impotency –Lack of drive –Damage to sperm –Infertility Female System –Infertility –Birth defects –Miscarriage –Pregnancy

Children Proportion to body weight and size Developmental effects More hand-to mouth contact More absorption of lead

Lead Bans/Phase-Out Late 20 th Century Residential paint (1978) Solder and pipes for drinking water Solder in food cans Gasoline Huge improvements in air quality in last 50 years but DETERIORATING LEAD-BASED PAINT still a major source of lead pollution today

Definitions Lead-based paint: –New paint: greater than 0.06% (600 ppm) lead content. –Existing paint: greater than 0.5% (5000 ppm) or 1 mg/cm2 lead content. –Some counties: 0.7 mg/cm2 lead content. –City of SD: Lead-Safe Work Practices (LSWP) required at 0.1% (1000 ppm) or 0.5 mg/cm2. Lead-containing paint: paint with any detectable lead. Presumed lead-based paint. –State: Constructed prior to January 1, –San Diego: Constructed prior to January 1, 1979 and ALL steel structures, regardless of construction date. Lead hazards: deteriorating LBP or PLBP, contaminated dust, contaminated soil, disturbance of LBP or PLBP w/o containment.

Applicable Regulations (a few) Title X, Lead-Based Paint Poisoning Prevention Act of HUD Guidelines for the Evaluation and Control of Lead- Based Paint Hazards in Housing California-OSHA Lead in Construction California Title 17, Accreditation, Certification, Work Practices for Lead-Based Paint and Lead Hazards CA SB 460 San Diego Municipal Code, Lead Hazard Prevention and Control Ordinance EPA Lead Renovation Repair and Painting Program

Regulations Title X, Lead-Based Paint Poisoning Prevention Act of The regulation which started it all. Evaluation hazards –Risk Assessment –Inspection Reduce hazards –Interim controls –Remediation

Regulations HUD Guidelines for Evaluation and Control of Lead-Based Paint Hazards in Housing Step-by-step how-to manual Inspection, risk assessment, monitoring, worker protection, waste management, interim controls, abatement, clearance, maintenance Written as guidance document for housing Made mandatory for public and residential buildings by California Title 17

Regulations California OSHA Lead in Construction – 8 CCR Applies to all lead exposure in construction, regardless of type of building or lead content in paint Construction includes demolition, renovation, clean-up UCSD puts compliance responsibility onto contractors: –Airborne exposure limits –Exposure assessment –Written compliance program –Respiratory protection and PPE –Medical surveillance –Recordkeeping

Regulations California OSHA Lead in Construction – 8 CCR Important for Protecting Workers AND Surrounding Areas: –Housekeeping: wet cleaning, HEPA vacuums, prompt clean-up –Hygiene facilities, change areas, showers –Regulated areas –Posting –Certified workers if abatement of public or residential OR exposure over PEL

Regulations Accreditation, Certification, and Work Practices for Lead- Based Paint and Lead Hazards. Title 17 CCR Applies to all public and residential buildings Certification of training and training providers, workers, supervisors, inspectors, project monitors Defines LPB, PLBP, lead hazards, lead-safe work practices Defines inspection, risk assessment, clearance Makes HUD Guidelines regulatory

Regulations Lead Hazard Prevention and Control Ordinance, San Diego Municipal Code, Division 10, (2008) Applies to properties, premises, dwelling units, structures, and steel structures Re-states many requirements of Title 17 LEAD HAZARDS are dangerous to life and health and owner must prevent or correct Requires LSWP at lower lead content than LBP Defines presumed LBP one year earlier than Title 17 San Diego City enforcement team – drive-by citations

Regulations EPA Lead Renovation Repair and Painting Program, (2008, effective 2010) Applies to residential houses, apartments, child-occupied facilities. Renovation = ANY activity that disturbs paint. Renovation firms must be EPA-certified Workers must be trained in LSWP Pre-renovation education required (pamphlet, signs) LSWP mandatory Recordkeeping CAUTION: STATE-CERTIFIED LEAD WORKERS vs CERTIFIED RENOVATION FIRMS

Procedures - Variables Requirements vary based on: –Building age –Building function (public, commercial, residential, industrial) –Lead content in paint –Scope of construction/renovation –State, County, City

Procedures - General Characterize Handling/Management Clearance Disposal

Procedures – Characterize Pre-1979 buildings must be inspected prior to renovation Inspection must be by certified inspectors Inspection must follow HUD Guidelines procedures Laboratories must be accredited CDPH 8552 must be submitted to State and City *Some exceptions if buildings not accessible to public.

Procedures – Handling/Management OSHA applies for any lead content LSWP required if over criteria Loose/flaky paint returned to intact state (abatement) Renovation/demolition in a manner that adhered paint must remain adhered Worksite preparation, containment, and clearance vary based on use of building and lead content

Procedures - LSWP Notice to occupants Regulated area Temporary relocation Containment (App. A, HUD Guidelines) Specialized cleaning (HEPA-wet-HEPA) Daily clean-up Proper waste disposal Clearance (visual or test dep. on building and lead content) Prohibited: burning or torching; heat guns >1100F; scraping, sanding, grinding, or blasting without containment

Procedures – Interim Controls Abatement designed for less than 20 years Trained workers Containment Notification Follow HUD Guidelines Chapter 11 Clearance inspection depending on conditions

Procedures - Abatement Abatement for 20 years or longer Certified supervisors and workers Abatement plan Notification to CDPH and OSHA HUD Guidelines, Chapter 12 Containment Clearance inspection

Procedures - Clearance Certified Inspector/Risk Assessor or Project Monitor Visual Dust Soil CDPH 8552 to City and State

Procedures - Disposal Segregate and test each waste stream Firmly adhered paint can be tested as a composite in construction debris TTLC. Total Threshold Limit Concentration. STLC. Soluble Threshold Limit Concentration. (also WET) TCLP. Toxicity Characteristic Leachate Procedure.

Important Numbers Presumed LBP: Pre-1979 LBP – New Paint – 0.06%, 600 ppm LBP – Existing Paint – 0.5%, 5000 ppm, 1 mg/cm2 LSWP Required – 0.1%, 1000 ppm, 0.5 mg/cm2 Lead in Air – PEL = 50 µg/m3; AL = 30 µg/m3 Contaminated Soil – 400 ppm play areas; 1000 ppm other Contaminated Dust – 40 µg/ft2 interior floor; 250 µg/ft2 interior horizontal; 400 µg/ft2 exterior Waste

Useful Links CA DPH Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Branch (lots of useful information and links): Ca DPH List of Certified Individuals: EPAs Resources Related to Lead in Paint, Dust, and Soil: HUD Guidelines: Compliance Guide to EPA LRRP: LRRP: Cal-OSHA Lead in Construction Standard: