Marvelous Monday, Aug. 17, 2015 Agenda: Warm-Up – Summer Work Test Class Webpage – www.wvhsmustangs.net FN: The Renaissance Homework: Reading Questions 4, 5 & 7 Warm-Up – Turn in the following if you did not on Friday Warm-ups Cave w/ cave questions maps

Terrific Tuesday, Aug. 18, 2015 Agenda: Warm-Up – Warm-up FN: The Renaissance Homework: Critical Reading HO – read Warm-Up – Identify and explain two (2) reasons why the renaissance started in Italy.

The Italian Renaissance Ch. 10 – Part 1

The Standard Essential Question Analyze the causes and effects of the Renaissance Trace the development of the Italian Renaissance and its relationship to Humanism. Why did the Renaissance begin and how did it begin to change European society and politics? Essential Question

I. Middle Ages Vs. Renaissance 1. Middle Ages (pre – 12th C) 2. The Renaissance - (post 14th C) fragmented, feudal society agricultural economy church-dominated thought, culture political centralization, nationalist feelings urban, commercial-capitalist economy growing lay/secular control of thought & culture

Feudalism – a social and political structure Renaissance Social Structure

II. The Renaissance Renaissance = “Rebirth” of reason, philosophy, etc… Birth of Humanism questioned religion and centered thought on humans and their values, capacities, and worth Secular Movement Moved away from life in the church Italian Cities Urban Societies Major Trading Centers

III. Major Italian Cities Milan – Sforza Family One of the richest cities, it controls trade through the Alps. Venice Sitting on the Adriatic, it attracts trade from all over the world. Florence – De Medici Family Controlled by the De Medici family Bankers, who became great patrons of the arts. Genoa Had Access to Trade Routes All of these cities: Had access to trade routes connecting Europe with Middle Eastern markets Served as trading centers for the distribution of goods to northern Europe Were initially independent city-states governed as republics Milan Venice Florence Tyrrhenian Sea Adriatic Sea Genoa

IV. Why Italy? Trade routes Revival of Commerce and Town Building was more intense in Italy Failed to unite as one nation Feudalism had less of a grip on Italy Presence of antiquity was stronger in Italy than elsewhere in Europe

V. Political Foundations of the Renaissance Rural nobility wants to keep power Move to cities and marry Merchants’ daughters Very THIN LINE between aristocrats and upper Bourgeoisie (Middle Class) Birth of Urban Nobility! Middle Class Merchant/Noble class rule cities Cities themselves become wealthy

VI. Social Class and Conflict intense social strife & competition for political power Florence is the best example social classes: old rich, new rich, small business owners, and poor fought for control Lead to revolt in Florence, resulting in rule by the lowest classes until Cosimo de’ Medici comes to power (1434).

VII. Characteristics of the Renaissance Emphasis on Classical knowledge Desire to replicate and improve classic architecture Interest in Greek philosophy/religious knowledge Rise of Individualism Use of Vernacular Development of Printing Press Rise of education (for some parts of society) Challenges to the Power of the Church Humanism 15-17th C

Significant Figures of the Italian Renaissance

VIII. Francisco Petrarch The “Father of Humanism” Identified “Dark” and “Middle” Ages Identified “Renaissance” discovered and translated of Cicero Believed in the use of the “Vernacular”

IX. Machiavelli - The Prince Machiavelli separates political theory from ethics. Politics is about only one thing: getting and keeping power. The only skill that matters is calculation. Machiavelli refuses to allow ethical judgment in political theory. “the ends justify the means”

X. Despotism and Diplomacy in General Social conflict and foreign intrigue (spying) caused chaos Despots main goal = maintain law & order held executive, military and judicial authority Used “whatever means necessary” to maintain the cities law and order to promote prosperity To accomplish this many despots hired condottieri Ultimately leads to the use of diplomacy Use of embassies and ambassadors The eyes and ears of the enemies court!

XI. The Medici’ Despots Cosimo de’ Medici Maintained control behind the scenes Manipulating the constitution and elections Created Signora and maintained a strong influence over it. 1449 – 1492 Lorenzo Medici ruled in a nearly totalitarian fashion