Chapter 1: An Introduction to Physiology

Helped to define physiology The power of nature Hippocrates (460-370 B.C.) The healing power of nature Aristotle (384-322 B.C.) with bust of Homer

Physiology is: the study of the functions of a living organisms and its component parts.

Function versus Process Why RBC carry O2? How does RBC carry O2? Mechanistic Teleological

Physiology covers: atoms to species

Physiology is divided into 10 physiological systems.

Find the 10 systems!

A balance exists between and within external and internal environments.

Loss of balance Balance

Scientific Inquiry and Presentation (These concepts will be used in our lab experiments.)

Scientific Inquiry Observation Experimentation Presentation of Data Hypothesis Experimentation Control and treatment Presentation of Data graphs

Let’s illustrate scientific inquiry.

Researchers have observed that the prostate cancer is a common cancer among all men but incidence of prostate cancer varies by ethnicity.

First the state an hypothesis.

Hypotheses may include the following concepts Diet may influence onset Environmental exposure to carcinogens: smoking DNA mutations

Population based Experimental Designs Prospective study Cross sectional study Retrospective study

Experimental Terms and Concepts What would be an experiment? What is a control group? What is a treatment group? What is a placebo effect? What is a nocebo effect? What is a blind experiment? What is a double blind experiment

How might you “present” data?

Dependent= onset of puberty Independent variable: “altered/manipulated variable” = % fat

Do all data establish a scientific theory? Why or why not?

What then is the difference between a hypothesis and a theory? Can a theory be disproven?

Geocentric vs. heliocentric view 1500 years passed Ptolemy 140 A.D. Copernicus 1580

Concepts covered: Definition of physiology Names of physiological systems Dependent and Independent Variables Terms Homeostasis Scientific inquiry