University of Manchester Lancaster University Conference Centre

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Setting a Research Agenda: Human Resources and Social Development.
Advertisements

The parenthood effect: what explains the increase in gender inequality when British couples become parents? Pia Schober London School of Economics.
Pia Schober London School of Economics
THE RISE (AND RISE) OF THE WORK-LIFE ISSUE: WHAT WE KNOW AND WHY WE NEED A BROADER VIEW Paul Blyton.
How European women and men use their time? The Cinderella effect Cracow 21 st October 2011 Mechanisms for reconciling work and family life for women and.
The Role of Statistics in relation to the WLB Policy and it’s Implementation 12 Nov Seung-Ah Hong(KWDI) International Seminar on Gender Statistics.
The case for work-life balance Julie Mellor Chair Equal Opportunities Commission CWU, 14 December 2005.
Expert Conference Accompanying the Informal Meeting of Ministers for Family and Gender Equality: Equal parenthood – a new role model? Paola Panzeri - COFACE.
Family Nurse Partnership
Sharing and balancing life-work responsibilities Public investment in women care giving role Czech Republic Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs Gender.
Lithuanian initiatives on promoting gender equality and democracy in cooperation with NGOs Aušrinė Burneikienė Equal Opportunities Ombudsperson.
1. Fathers in the UK Millennium Cohort Study EUCCONET Workshop Vienna 24 February 2010 Lisa Calderwood Sub-brand to go here CLS is an ESRC Resource Centre.
Centre for Research on the Child and Family Fathers' changing roles: a global overview Margaret O’Brien.
Balancing work and family responsibilities in New Zealand Associate Professor Annick Masselot Hornby Rotary Club - 26 November 2014.
Following lives from birth and through the adult years Evidence from the first sweeps of the UK Millennium Cohort Study and the US Early.
STATE OF ART IN GREEK FAMILY
Father involvement in family life: The many faces of 21st century British fathers Margaret O’Brien & Eloise Poole Svetlana Speight, Sara Connolly & Matthew.
Federal Department of Home Affairs FDHA Federal Statistical Office FSO Balancing family and work in everyday life: a European comparison Dr. Katja Branger.
Nordic Family Policy and Demographic Consequences Presentation at 11 th LPR Network seminar, Tallinn th of September 2014 Ann-Zofie Duvander.
Time for work & private life Dutch emancipation policy Flexible working hours, longer opening hours and good facilities for combining work with care Bolzano.
Early Education and Care: an anti poverty strategy? Naomi Eisenstadt 1.
Migrating towards gender equality? Comparing survey data on gender attitudes of Polish migrants and non- migrants Ewa Krzaklewska, Lihong Huang, Paula.
Man-Yee Kan, University of Oxford Heather Laurie, University of Essex Who is doing the housework in multicultural.
The Impact of the EU Social Investment Package on Childcare: Going Beyond the Economic Imperative? Annick Masselot Associate Professor in Law, University.
CAUSES OF THE PAY GAP Anna Freeman, Director of Employment 19 November 2010.
Ⅰ Background for Promoting Work-Family Balance Policies in South Korea.
Jorge Cabrita - Eurofound
Singapore’s Fertility Issue
leadership initiative: females in trade unions
Gender equality in transport in Sweden
Work-life balance: Working for fathers?
A NEW START TO SUPPORT WORK_LIFE BALANCE OF PARENTS AND CARERS
Family Policy across the OECD
Helen Norman and Laura Watt University of Manchester, UK 26 April 2017
Seminar presentation:
Dr Sonja Robnik Gender sensitive legislation vs gender unbalanced division of domestic and care work Dr Sonja Robnik
‘Happy Homes, Productive Workplaces’ Research findings
Family Policy across the OECD
Patterns of Parenthood at the beginning of the 21st Century
Increasing Revenues, But Not Effectiveness
Gender equality in transport in Sweden
Family Policy : an International Perspective
What is social security/ social protection?
Introduction Meeting for Parents
Developing a measure of paternal involvement in childcare
Child Cognitive Outcomes and Early Maternal Employment in the UK and US Evidence from the first sweeps of the UK Millennium Cohort Study and the US Early.
Implementation of the Strategic engagement for gender equality
Dr. Iztok Šori Peace Institute Slovenia.
Family structures in the UK
Gender Pay Gap Report.
Women and Disability Ursula Barry
Dr Helen Norman University of Manchester 21st June 2017
Family Policy in Hungary as our National and Presidency Priority
Developing a measure of paternal involvement in childcare
Colette Fagan and Helen Norman University of Manchester, UK
Helen Norman University of Manchester, UK 18th September 2017
Nada Stropnik Institute for Economic Research, Ljubljana, Slovenia ‘More or less leave for fathers’ – new legislation in Slovenia.
Colette Fagan and Helen Norman University of Manchester 9 October 2017
Increasing Revenues, But Not Effectiveness
Gender equality and working time in Europe
Integrating Gender into Population and Housing Censuses
SURVEY FOR THE GENDER EQUALITY Erasmus +/ KA 2
Robert Anderson EUROFOUND President, Eurocarers
European Labour Law Jean Monnet Chair of EU Labour Law Academic Year Silvia Borelli:
Gender Pay Gap Report as at 31 March 2018.
Parental Leave and Changes in Gendered Practices
Time for work & private life Dutch emancipation policy
Dr Helen Norman University of Manchester 21st June 2017
School of Social Sciences, University of Manchester
Social Inclusion and Community Activation Programme (SICAP)
Presentation transcript:

University of Manchester Lancaster University Conference Centre What makes fathers involved in their children’s care? Analysing paternal involvement from nine months to seven years post-birth Dr Helen Norman University of Manchester 1st November 2017 ‘Fathers, family and gender in the workplace: pursuing pathways to research impact and engagement’ Lancaster University Conference Centre

Presentation outline The gender division of labour in the UK Research Questions Data and methods Results: which fathers are the most involved? Conclusions and policy implications Pathways to Impact?

The gender division of labour in the UK Men do more childcare and housework, but still much less than women. Normative ideas about what it is to be a ‘good’ father have shifted to include being involved in childcare, but being the (main) economic provider remains a central feature. Women usually switch to part-time employment after having children. 65% of mothers with dependent children (aged 3-4) employed (2017); 59% = PT Rare for mothers to work full-time if they have a pre-school child, more likely if she is a manager/senior professional This ‘one-and-a-half earner’ family model is perpetuated by public policy and normative beliefs that children suffer if their mothers are employed full-time.

What is paternal involvement? Defined as a father who participates in the nurturing tasks involved in the ‘taking care of’ children. Research Questions To explore which socio-demographics, employment and attitudinal related variables are associated with paternal involvement when children are aged 9 months, 3, 5 and 7 years old? Do the variables which influence fathers to be involved change as a child gets older? Does a father’s childcare behaviour in the first year of a child’s life affect how involved he is when the child is older?

Millennium Cohort Study (MCS) A nationally representative survey following a cohort of children born around 2000 in the UK We use the first five sweeps of MCS data: Sweep 1 (2000/01): aged 9 months Sweep 2 (2004/5): aged 3 years Sweep 3 (2006): aged 5 years Sweep 4 (2008): aged 7 years The sample was filtered to include the same heterosexual couples, intact over all five sweeps of data (n=5,882)

MCS variable: How often does the father…. Age <1 3 5 7 … change the baby’s nappy? X   … feed the baby? … get up in the night for the baby? … look after the baby/child on his own? … read to the child? … play with the child? … get the child ready for bed? …tell stories to the child not from a book? …play music, listen to music, sing songs or nursery rhymes, dance or do other musical activities with the child? …draw, paint or make things with the child? …play sports or physically active games outdoors or indoors with the child? …play with toys or games indoors with the child? …take the child to the park or to an outdoor playground?

Data and Methods Method to derive our dependent variables: Factor analysis (a data reduction technique) Identifies patterns of relationships and correlations between variables Then reduces a large number of variables into a smaller number of composite measures Dependent variables (i.e. composite measures): Paternal involvement (PI) at 9 months old PI at 3 years old PI at 5 years old PI at 7 years old Method to explore what influences PI: Four multiple regression models

Results: What influences paternal involvement when the child is aged 9 months, 3, 5 and 7 years old?

What makes fathers involved? *p <0.05; **p <0.01; ***p <0.001

Summary: What makes fathers more involved? i) Fathers are more likely to be involved in the first year if: They work standard, full-time hours (30-45 hrs p/week) The mother works full-time (31+ hrs p/week) ii) Fathers are more likely to be involved when the child is aged 9 months, 3, 5 and 7 years old if: They share childcare equally in the first year They take leave immediately after the birth They are highly educated They have a boy iii) Fathers are less likely to be involved when the child is aged 9 months, 3, 5 and 7 years old if: They are Pakistani, Bangladeshi or Indian

Conclusions and policy implications A more supportive infrastructure could be achieved by: Helping fathers to balance their work and family roles in the first year of parenthood Parental leave that is well paid and has a period reserved specifically for the father Limits to long hours working Promotion of flexible working to men Supporting mothers back to work after having children Good quality, flexible and affordable childcare Quality part-time employment Closing the gender pay gap

Which fathers are involved in looking after their children Which fathers are involved in looking after their children? Identifying the conditions associated with paternal involvement Aim: To establish which employment and socio-demographic characteristics shape paternal involvement as children age from nine months to eleven years old. Award: ESRC Secondary Data Analysis Initiative (Phase 3) Dates: 1 February 2016 - 31 October 2017 Award holders: Dr Helen Norman (PI), Professor Colette Fagan (Co-I), Professor Mark Elliot (Co-I). RA: Dr Laura Watt. University of Manchester, UK Project partner: Working Families: https://www.workingfamilies.org.uk/ URL: http://projects.socialsciences.manchester.ac.uk/involved-fathers/

Potential Impact: why is the research important? Our findings will… Inform policy debates concerning parenting, child wellbeing and development, the rights and responsibilities of fathers and ‘work-life balance’. Contribute to employment policy and workplace innovations by generating new knowledge about how men and women’s employment hours and schedules can enable or hinder father’s involvement at home Help employers to provide practical innovations to facilitate work-family reconciliation

Pathway to Impact: devised with Working Families Policy briefings and blogs Working Families and Policy@Manchester Related briefings for WF that extend beyond the immediate project focus (profile building) Planned presentations at non-academic events (as well as academic dissemination plans) Working Families programme of employer-led and policy focused events (breakfast briefings, conferences, etc.) Dissemination beyond WF to other key organisations and our networks e.g. Equality and Human Rights Commission, TUC, European Commission’s European Network of Experts on Gender Equality, Eurofound Press releases, with support from the University of Manchester’s Press Office Articles for media (e.g. The Guardian?)

References Project URL: http://projects.socialsciences.manchester.ac.uk/involved-fathers/ Fagan, C., Norman, H. (2016): ‘What makes fathers involved? An exploration of the longitudinal influence of fathers’ and mothers’ employment on father’s involvement in looking after their pre-school children in the UK’ in Crespi, I., Ruspini, E. (ed): Balancing work and family in a changing society: the father’s perspective, Palgrave MacMillan: Basingstoke Norman, H. (2017): Paternal involvement in childcare: how can it be classified and what are the key influences, Families, Relationships and Societies. 6, 1, p. 89-105 Norman, H. and Fagan, C. (2017) What makes fathers involved in their children’s upbringing? Working Families Work Flex Blog, 20 January 2017: https://www.workingfamilies.org.uk/workflex-blog/father-involvement/ Norman, H., Watt, L., Fagan, C. (2017) What should mums and dads do? Changes in attitudes towards parenting, Working Families Work Flex Blog, 27 March 2017: https://www.workingfamilies.org.uk/workflex-blog/what-should-mums-and-dads-do- changes-in-attitudes-towards-parenting/ Norman, H., Elliot, M. and Fagan, C. (2014) ‘Which fathers are the most involved in taking care of their toddlers in the UK? An investigation of the predictors of paternal involvement’, Community, Work & Family, 17:2, 163-180 Fagan, C. and Norman, H. (2013) ‘Men and gender equality: tackling gender equality in family roles and in social care jobs’ in F. Bettio, J. Plantenga and M. Smith (Eds) Gender and the European Labour Market, Routledge: Oxon, UK.