Manifest Destiny Chapter 11 Pages 466-506

Westward to the Pacific Manifest Destiny was a doctrine used to justify the westward expansion of the US. Cause: The future meant moving to the Pacific Ocean Believed U.S. was superior Effect: US swept aside every obstacle All Native Americans removed

Oregon Country Land between Rocky Mountains and Pacific Ocean Adams-Onis Treaty: Treaty with Spanish Both US and Britain could settle [joint occupation] Divide along the 49th Parallel

The Oregon Trail The most practical route to the Western US. Lasted 5-6 months Winter snow blocked the passes Difficult terrain First occupied by mountain men (hired fur trappers) and held an annual meeting, or rendezvous. Later pioneers, or emigrants made the journey to Oregon, not yet a state! Problems Along the Way Attacks from Native Americans 1 in 10 died of disease, overwork, hunger, accidents When did the Trail Stop? When the transcontinental railroad was built

HOMEWORK READ pages 470 – 475 and Study Guide first 3 vocabulary terms, and VIP places: # 4, 5, 8, and 10. And first 2 questions under main ideas.

Independence for Texas 1803: US laid claim to Texas Most residents were tejanos (Mexicans lived in Texas) Comanches, Kiowas, Apaches lived in the area Spanish offered empresarios (people who obtained grants and recruited settlers) for Texas land and opportunity Tension grew between the groups

The Struggle for Independence General Santa Anna Became Mexico’s dictator Stephen F. Austin arrested Texans wanted separate nation from Mexico liberated San Antonio Thought war was won The Alamo San Antonio 160 soldiers, no gunpowder Davy Crockett, Jim Bowie, William B. Travis Killed by Santa Anna after 13 days Battle of San Jacinto Houston captured and killed Santa Anna Texans elected Sam Houston as President and he sent delegation to Washington D.C. asking U.S. to annex (take control of) Texas. Texas became a state in 1845

Homework Read pages 480 – 487 and work on Study Guide Vocabulary, VIP places, VIPs, and Main idea questions. Study for FRIDAY QUIZ, Ch. 11 , Sec. 1 & 2

War With Mexico The Santa Fe Trail From the Missouri River to New Mexico Used to trade between the U.S. and Mexico

Mexico Spanish Culture El Camino Real (the King’s Highway) Connected missions Used to convert Native Americans Ranchos (huge properties) Abolished missions after independence Mexican settlers, or ranch owners were called rancheros Manifest Destiny and California At first, Mexico welcomed Americans John Sutter: land grant John C. Fremont wrote of beauty Mexico refused to sell California and New Mexico

War With Mexico How did Conflict Begin? The Capture of Mexico City President Polk ordered soldiers into Mexico Mexico wanted to reclaim Texas Fremont’s Bear Flag Republic Californios: Mexicans who live in CA The Capture of Mexico City March, 1847 American forces landed September, 1847 Mexico surrendered Peace Treaty: Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Mexico gave up claims to Texas Agreed to Rio Grande border Mexico Cession: Mexico ceded (gave) U.S. CA & NM. In return, U.S. paid $15 million. Another $10 million for AZ (Gadsen Purchase)

Homework Read pages 490 – 497 and finish study guide along with Map questions and Essay questions.

Dining with the Donner Party hardships of Manifest Destiny… The Donner Party traveled toward CA in 1846 via Conestoga wagons, but became stranded for 5 months in the Sierra Nevada Mountains in 30 foot snow banks and resorted to desperate acts…

Snow Level in 1846-47

Donner Lake, Summer 2015

The California Gold Rush Who were the Forty-Niners? 100,000 people came for gold 1848-49 $6 million (worth $100 million today) Lived in “boomtowns” Vigilantes kept control Californios Hispanic Californians Many lost land

A Religious Refuge in Utah Mormon Religion Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints Joseph Smith had visions Forced out of New York Killed by a mob in 1844 Brigham Young Moved Mormons to Great Salt Lake in Utah 12,000 people Became governor Desert Haven Called Deseret Utah became state in 1896

Homework Study for chapter test on Wednesday using study guide and NOTES from PowerPoint!