Chapter 8 Review “Covalent Bonding”

Chapter 8 Review What is the correct electron configuration arrangement of the four valence electrons of the carbon atom in a methane molecule (CH4): a) 2s22p2, or b) 2s12p3? Which noble gas has the same electron configuration as the oxygen in a water molecule?

Chapter 8 Review When placed between oppositely charged metal plates, the region of a water molecule attracted to the negative plate is the ____. When one atom contributes both bonding electrons in a single covalent bond, the bond is called a(n) ____.

Chapter 8 Review The shape of the methane molecule (CH4) is called ____. What are the bond angles? How is a pair of molecular orbitals formed? Which elements can form diatomic molecules joined by a single covalent bond? What is a typical characteristic of an ionic compound? Covalent?

Chapter 8 Review Experimental evidence suggests that the H-C-H bond angles in ethene, C2H4, are ____ degrees. A bond that is not symmetrical along the axis between two atomic nuclei is a(n) ____ bond. Once formed, how are coordinate covalent bonds different from other covalent bonds? 120

Substances that show relatively strong attractions to an external magnetic field are said to be ____________? Oxygen is an example of a substance that is ____________?

Chapter 8 Review What causes hydrogen bonding? How many electrons can occupy a single molecular orbital? According to the VSEPR theory, molecules adjust their shapes to keep ____ as far apart as possible. Which of the following atoms acquires the most negative charge in a covalent bond with hydrogen: a) carbon, or b) oxygen?

Chapter 8 Review How do atoms achieve noble-gas electron configurations in single covalent bonds? What is required in order to melt a network solid? Molecular orbital theory is based upon what model of the atom? Where are the electrons most probably located in a molecular bonding orbital?

Chapter 8 Review A molecule with a single covalent bond is: a) CO2, or b) Cl2? A bond formed between a silicon atom and an oxygen atom is likely to be a(n) ____ bond. Which of the following diatomic molecules is joined (seemingly) by a double covalent bond: a) O2, or b) N2?

Chapter 8 Review What causes water molecules to have a bent shape, according to the VSEPR theory? Which of these elements does not exist as a diatomic molecule: a) Ne, or b) F? Which of the following elements can form diatomic molecules held together by triple covalent bonds: a) fluorine, or b) nitrogen?

Chapter 8 Review Which of the following covalent bonds is the most polar: a) H-F, or b) H-N? What is shown by the structural formula of a molecule or a polyatomic ion? What is thought to cause the disperson forces?

Chapter 8 Review What are the weakest attractions between molecules called? Which type of solid has the highest melting point: a) ionic solids, or b) network solids? Why do atoms share electrons in covalent bonds?

Chapter 8 Review How many valid electron dot formulas – having the same number of electron pairs for a molecule or ion – can be written when a resonance structure occurs?

Chapter 8 Review Which of the forces of molecular attraction is the weakest: a) hydrogen bonding, or b) dispersion forces? In which of the following compounds is the octet expanded to include 12 electrons: a) PCl5, or b) SF6? Why is hydrogen bonding only possible with hydrogen?

Chapter 8 Review What causes dipole interactions? How many electrons does carbon need to gain in order to obtain a noble-gas electron configuration? How many covalent bonds are in a covalently bonded molecule containing 1 phosphorus atom and 3 chlorine atoms?

Chapter 8 Review How many electrons does a nitrogen atom need to gain in order to attain a noble-gas electron configuration? What is the bond angle in a water molecule? How many unshared pairs of electrons are in a molecule of hydrogen iodide?

Chapter 8 Review How many electrons are shared in a single covalent bond? What is the total number of covalent bonds normally associated with a single carbon atom in a compound? How many valence electrons does an iodine atom have? How many unshared pairs of electrons does the nitrogen atom in ammonia possess?

Chapter 8 Review How many electrons are shared in a double covalent bond? Know the shape/bond angles of the following: CO2, H2O, CCl4, NH3, SO3, PF5, SF6 End of Chapter 8 Review