AUSTRALIAN ARMY CADETS RADIO OPERATORS COURSE CADET ADVANCED RADIO OPERATORS COURSE This presentation corresponds to Chapter 1 of the AAC CADET INSTRUCTOR RADIO COMMUNICATIONS HANDBOOK This course has been designed, written and developed by LTCOL(AAC) G.R. Newman-Martin, CSM, RFD. ©LTCOL(AAC) G.R. NEWMAN-MARTIN, 2011 ©LTCOL G. Newman-Martin 2004

©LTCOL G. Newman-Martin 2004

Topic 1 ©LTCOL G. Newman-Martin 2004

Topic 1 RADIO COMMUNICATION This presentation refers to Chapter 1 of the Instructor Notes RADIO COMMUNICATION ©LTCOL G. Newman-Martin 2004

I N T R O D U C T I O N ©LTCOL G. Newman-Martin 2004

©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011 I N T R O D U C T I O N T O R A T E L ©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011 ©LTCOL G. Newman-Martin 2004

  WHAT IS A RADIO SET? RADIO SET AN/PRC-77 ©LTCOL G. Newman-Martin 2004

©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011 RADIOTELEPHONE A RADIO SET - OR RADIOTELEPHONE - IS ©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011

©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011 RADIOTELEPHONE A RADIO SET - OR RADIOTELEPHONE - IS A TRANSMITTER – to send messages ©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011

©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011 RADIOTELEPHONE A RADIO SET - OR RADIOTELEPHONE - IS A TRANSMITTER – to send messages PLUS A RECEIVER – to receive messages ©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011

©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011 RADIOTELEPHONY RADIOTELEPHONY IS THE TECHNIQUE OF ©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011

©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011 WHAT IS RADIOTELEPHONY? RADIOTELEPHONY IS THE TECHNIQUE OF HUMAN VOICE COMMUNICATION ©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011

©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011 RADIOTELEPHONY RADIOTELEPHONY IS THE TECHNIQUE OF HUMAN VOICE COMMUNICATION BY MEANS OF RADIO SIGNALS, ©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011

©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011 RADIOTELEPHONY RADIOTELEPHONY IS THE TECHNIQUE OF HUMAN VOICE COMMUNICATION BY MEANS OF RADIO SIGNALS, USING RADIO SETS. ©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011

RADIO COMMUNICATIONS ARE….. ©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011 ©LTCOL G. Newman-Martin 2004

©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011 RADIO COMMUNICATIONS ARE….. VOICE COMMUNICATIONS – SENT BY RADIO - ©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011

©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011 RADIO COMMUNICATIONS ARE….. VOICE COMMUNICATIONS – SENT BY RADIO - USED TO: ©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011

©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011 RADIO COMMUNICATIONS ARE….. VOICE COMMUNICATIONS – SENT BY RADIO - USED TO: DISCUSS SUBJECTS ©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011

©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011 RADIO COMMUNICATIONS ARE….. VOICE COMMUNICATIONS – SENT BY RADIO -USED TO: DISCUSS SUBJECTS ASK/ANSWER QUESTIONS ©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011

©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011 RADIO COMMUNICATIONS ARE….. VOICE COMMUNICATIONS – SENT BY RADIO -USED TO: DISCUSS SUBJECTS ASK/ANSWER QUESTIONS EXCHANGE INFORMATION ©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011

©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011 MESSAGE TYPES ©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011

©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011 MESSAGE TYPES INFORMAL MESSAGE ©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011

©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011 MESSAGE TYPES INFORMAL MESSAGE CONVEYS FACTUAL INFORMATION WITHOUT DISCUSSION ©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011

©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011 MESSAGE TYPES FORMAL MESSAGE ©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011

©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011 MESSAGE TYPES FORMAL MESSAGE MUST BE WRITTEN DOWN ON MESSAGE FORM, SIGNED, REGISTERED, FILED ©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011

©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011 WHY USE RADIO COMMUNICATIONS? .The aim of this presentation is to discuss frequency management in the ADF and detail agencies and processes involved in frequency management focussing primarily with Army . ©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011 ©LTCOL G. Newman-Martin 2004

©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011 WHY ARE RADIO COMMUNICATIONS USED IN AAC ACTIVITIES? COMMAND ©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011

©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011 WHY ARE RADIO COMMUNICATIONS USED IN AAC ACTIVITIES? COMMAND CONTROL ©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011

©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011 WHY ARE RADIO COMMUNICATIONS USED IN AAC ACTIVITIES? COMMAND CONTROL CO-ORDINATION ©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011

©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011 WHY ARE RADIO COMMUNICATIONS USED IN AAC ACTIVITIES? COMMAND CONTROL CO-ORDINATION COMMUNICATIONS ©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011

©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011 WHY ARE RADIO COMMUNICATIONS USED IN AAC ACTIVITIES? COMMAND CONTROL CO-ORDINATION COMMUNICATIONS INFORMATION TRANSFER ©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011

©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011 WHY ARE RADIO COMMUNICATIONS USED IN AAC ACTIVITIES? COMMAND CONTROL CO-ORDINATION COMMUNICATIONS INFORMATION TRANSFER SAFETY ©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011

©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011 WHY ARE RADIO COMMUNICATIONS USED IN AAC ACTIVITIES? COMMAND CONTROL CO-ORDINATION COMMUNICATIONS INFORMATION TRANSFER SAFETY EMERGENCIES ©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011

©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011 WHY ARE RADIO COMMUNICATIONS USED IN AAC ACTIVITIES? COMMAND CONTROL CO-ORDINATION COMMUNICATIONS INFORMATION TRANSFER SAFETY EMERGENCIES TRAINING ©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011

©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011 CADET RADIO OPERATOR ©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011

©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011 WHAT IS A CADET RADIO OPERATOR? A CADET RADIO OPERATOR IS AN AAC CADET WHO: ©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011

©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011 WHAT IS A CADET RADIO OPERATOR? A CADET RADIO OPERATOR IS AN AAC CADET WHO: HAS BEEN TRAINED IN RATEL PROCEDURES ©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011

©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011 WHAT IS A CADET RADIO OPERATOR? A CADET RADIO OPERATOR IS AN AAC CADET WHO: HAS BEEN TRAINED IN RATEL PROCEDURES AND CORRECT OPERATION OF RADIO EQUIPMENT ©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011

WHAT IS A CADET RADIO OPERATOR? A CADET RADIO OPERATOR IS AN AAC CADET WHO: HAS BEEN TRAINED IN RATEL PROCEDURES AND CORRECT OPERATION OF RADIO EQUIPMENT HAS DEMONSTRATED THE COMPETENCIES TO ACT AS A RADIO OPERATOR ON AN AAC RADIO NET

COMMAND POST RADIO OPERATOR ©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011

NET CONTROL STATION RADIO OPERATOR COMMAND POST RADIO OPERATOR OR NET CONTROL STATION RADIO OPERATOR ©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011

NET CONTROL STATION RADIO OPERATOR (CDT NCS RADIO OP) COMMAND POST RADIO OPERATOR OR NET CONTROL STATION RADIO OPERATOR (CDT NCS RADIO OP) ©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011

©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011 WHAT IS A CADET NET CONTROL STATION (NCS) RADIO OPERATOR? A CADET NCS RADIO OPERATOR IS A CADET RADIO OPERATOR WHO: ©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011

©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011 WHAT IS A CADET NET CONTROL STATION (NCS) RADIO OPERATOR? A CADET NCS RADIO OPERATOR IS A CADET RADIO OPERATOR WHO: HAS RECEIVED ADDITIONAL, SPECIALIST RATEL TRAINING ©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011

WHAT IS A CADET NET CONTROL STATION (NCS) RADIO OPERATOR? A CADET NCS RADIO OPERATOR IS A CADET RADIO OPERATOR WHO: HAS RECEIVED ADDITIONAL, SPECIALIST RATEL TRAINING HAS DEMONSTRATED THE COMPETENCIES TO DIRECT AND CONTROL RADIO TRAFFIC ON AN AAC RADIO NET

NET CONTROL STATION (NCS) ©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011

©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011 WHAT DOES THE NCS DO? THE NET CONTROL STATION (NCS) IS: ©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011

©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011 WHAT DOES THE NCS DO? THE NET CONTROL STATION (NCS) IS: IN CHARGE OF DIRECTING AND CONTROLLING RADIO TRAFFIC ON THE NET ©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011

©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011 WHAT DOES THE NCS DO? THE NET CONTROL STATION (NCS) IS: IN CHARGE OF DIRECTING AND CONTROLLING RADIO TRAFFIC ON THE NET IN CHARGE OF NET DISCIPLINE ©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011

©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011 RADIO DISCIPLINE ©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011

©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011 WHY IS RADIO DISCIPLINE NEEDED? RADIO INTERFERENCE CAN RESULT IN MISUNDERSTOOD MESSAGES ©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011

©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011 WHY IS RADIO DISCIPLINE NEEDED? TO MAKE THE NET WORK EFFECTIVELY….. ©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011

©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011 STANDARD RATEL PROCEDURE KNOWN BY ALL USERS MUST BE USED ©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011

©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011 RATEL PROCEDURE ©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011

©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011 WHAT IS RATEL PROCEDURE? RATEL PROCEDURE IS: ©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011

©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011 WHAT IS RATEL PROCEDURE? RATEL PROCEDURE IS: A SET OF SIMPLE RULES FOR RADIOTELEPHONY ©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011

©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011 WHAT IS RATEL PROCEDURE? RATEL PROCEDURE IS: A SET OF SIMPLE RULES FOR RADIOTELEPHONY, BASED ON: ©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011

©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011 WHAT IS RATEL PROCEDURE? RATEL PROCEDURE IS: A SET OF SIMPLE RULES FOR RADIOTELEPHONY, BASED ON: SECURITY ©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011

©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011 WHAT IS RATEL PROCEDURE? RATEL PROCEDURE IS: A SET OF SIMPLE RULES FOR RADIOTELEPHONY, BASED ON SECURITY ACCURACY ©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011

©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011 WHAT IS RATEL PROCEDURE? RATEL PROCEDURE IS: A SET OF SIMPLE RULES FOR RADIOTELEPHONY, BASED ON SECURITY ACCURACY DISCIPLINE ©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011

WHAT IS RATEL PROCEDURE? RATEL PROCEDURE IS: A SET OF SIMPLE RULES FOR RADIOTELEPHONY, BASED ON SECURITY ACCURACY DISCIPLINE ‘SAD’

©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011 RATEL IS IS SAD ©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011

©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011 STANDARD RATEL PROCEDURES ©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011

©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011 WHY ARE STANDARD OPERATING RADIO PROCEDURES USED? ONLY APPROVED STANDARD RADIO OPERATING PROCEDURES ARE TO BE USED ©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011

©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011 WHY ARE STANDARD OPERATING RADIO PROCEDURES USED? ONLY APPROVED STANDARD RADIO OPERATING PROCEDURES ARE TO BE USED THIS IS TO OBTAIN SECURITY, ACCURACY, AND DISCIPLINE ©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011

ONLY APPROVED STANDARD RADIO OPERATING PROCEDURES ARE TO BE USED WHY ARE STANDARD OPERATING RADIO PROCEDURES USED? ONLY APPROVED STANDARD RADIO OPERATING PROCEDURES ARE TO BE USED THIS IS TO OBTAIN SECURITY, ACCURACY, AND DISCIPLINE FRIVOLOUS USE OF RADIO COMMUNICATIONS IS PROHIBITED

L ONLY APPROVED STANDARD RADIO OPERATING PROCEDURES ARE TO BE USED WHY ARE STANDARD OPERATING RADIO PROCEDURES USED? ONLY APPROVED STANDARD RADIO OPERATING PROCEDURES ARE TO BE USED THIS IS TO OBTAIN SECURITY, ACCURACY, AND DISCIPLINE FRIVOLOUS USE OF RADIO COMMUNICATIONS IS PROHIBITED L

©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011 WHY MUST WE USE STANDARD RATEL PROCEDURES? UNAUTHORISED DEPARTURES FROM ©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011

©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011 WHY MUST WE USE STANDARD RATEL PROCEDURES? UNAUTHORISED DEPARTURES FROM – OR VARIATIONS TO – ©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011

©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011 WHY MUST WE USE STANDARD RATEL PROCEDURES? UNAUTHORISED DEPARTURES FROM – OR VARIATIONS TO – CORRECT RADIO PROCEDURE: ©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011

©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011 WHY MUST WE USE STANDARD RATEL PROCEDURES? UNAUTHORISED DEPARTURES FROM – OR VARIATIONS TO – CORRECT RADIO PROCEDURE: CREATE CONFUSION ©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011

©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011 WHY MUST WE USE STANDARD RATEL PROCEDURES? UNAUTHORISED DEPARTURES FROM – OR VARIATIONS TO – CORRECT RADIUO PROCEDURE: CREATE CONFUSION REDUCE ACCURACY ©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011

©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011 WHY MUST WE USE STANDARD RATEL PROCEDURES? UNAUTHORISED DEPARTURES FROM – OR VARIATIONS TO – CORRECT RADIUO PROCEDURE: CREATE CONFUSION REDUCE ACCURACY REDUCE SPEED ©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011

©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011 WHY MUST WE USE STANDARD RATEL PROCEDURES? UNAUTHORISED DEPARTURES FROM – OR VARIATIONS TO – CORRECT RADIUO PROCEDURE: CREATE CONFUSION REDUCE ACCURACY REDUCE SPEED TEND TO NULLIFY SECURITY PRECAUTIONS ©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011

©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011 RADIO DISCIPLINE ©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011 ©LTCOL G. Newman-Martin 2004

©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011 RADIO DISCIPLINE INCLUDES CORRECT USE OF RATEL PROCEDURE ©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011

©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011 RADIO DISCIPLINE INCLUDES CORRECT USE OF RATEL PROCEDURE USE OF THE CORRECT FREQUENCY ©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011

©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011 RADIO DISCIPLINE INCLUDES CORRECT USE OF RATEL PROCEDURE USE OF THE CORRECT FREQUENCY A CONSTANT RADIO WATCH BY ALL STATIONS AT ALL TIMES ©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011

©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011 RULES FOR RADIO DISCIPLINE ©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011

©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011 REMEMBER ONLY ONE PERSON CAN SPEAK AT A TIME, SO: ©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011

©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011 REMEMBER ONLY ONE PERSON CAN SPEAK AT A TIME, SO: LISTEN BEFORE SPEAKING ©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011

©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011 REMEMBER ONLY ONE PERSON CAN SPEAK AT A TIME, SO: LISTEN BEFORE SPEAKING LEAVE A SHORT PAUSE AT THE END OF A CONVERSATION ©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011

©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011 REMEMBER ONLY ONE PERSON CAN SPEAK AT A TIME, SO: LISTEN BEFORE SPEAKING LEAVE A SHORT PAUSE AT THE END OF A CONVERSATION ANSWER ALL CALLS IMMEDIATELY ©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011

REMEMBER ONLY ONE PERSON CAN SPEAK AT A TIME, SO: LISTEN BEFORE SPEAKING LEAVE A SHORT PAUSE AT THE END OF A CONVERSATION ANSWER ALL CALLS IMMEDIATELY ENSURE THE RADIO RETURNS TO RECEIVE AFTER EACH TRANSMISSION

RULES FOR SPEAKING CLEARLY ON THE RADIO

©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011 SPEAKING CLEARLY SPEAK CLEARLY ON THE RADIO: ©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011

©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011 SPEAKING CLEARLY SPEAK CLEARLY ON THE RADIO: DO NOT SLUR WORDS ©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011

©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011 SPEAKING CLEARLY SPEAK CLEARLY ON THE RADIO: DO NOT SLUR WORDS DO NOT DROP IN VOLUME – PARTICULARLY AT END OF PHRASES, WORDS & SENTENCES ©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011

©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011 SPEAKING CLEARLY SPEAK CLEARLY ON THE RADIO: DO NOT SLUR WORDS DO NOT DROP IN VOLUME – PARTICULARLY AT END OF PHRASES, WORDS & SENTENCES PUT NATURAL EMPHASIS ON EACH WORD, EXCEPT FOR PRESCRIBED PRONUNCIATIONS OF FIGURES ©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011

SPEAKING CLEARLY SPEAK CLEARLY ON THE RADIO: DO NOT SLUR WORDS DO NOT DROP IN VOLUME – PARTICULARLY AT END OF PHRASES, WORDS & SENTENCES PUT NATURAL EMPHASIS ON EACH WORD, EXCEPT FOR PRESCRIBED PRONUNCIATIONS OF FIGURES DIVIDE TRANSMISSIONS INTO NATURAL, SENSIBLE PHRASES – DO NOT SPEAK WORD BY WORD

©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011 SPEAKING CLEARLY RHYTHM - Natural ©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011

©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011 SPEAKING CLEARLY RHYTHM - Natural SPEED - Slower ©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011

©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011 SPEAKING CLEARLY RHYTHM - Natural SPEED - Slower VOLUME - Natural ©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011

©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011 SPEAKING CLEARLY RHYTHM - Natural SPEED - Slower VOLUME - Natural PITCH - Higher ©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011

©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011 SPEAKING CLEARLY RHYTHM - Natural SPEED - Slower VOLUME - Natural PITCH - Higher MICROPHONE - Close to mouth ©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011

SPEAKING CLEARLY RHYTHM - Natural SPEED - Slower VOLUME - Natural PITCH - Higher MICROPHONE - Close to mouth RSVP-M

©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011 CONFIRMATION NOT ME THAT ONE WAS N’T MINE I LOST MY PLACE I DON'T KNOW ©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011

©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011 INSTRUCTOR ANY QUESTIONS? ©LTCOL G.R. Newman-Martin 2011